Pambuyo pa zaka pafupifupi khumi akulamulira mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Mlembi Wamkulu wa EU wakonzeka kupereka ndodo.
Umboni watsopano womwe France idatulutsa Lachitatu ukugwirizanitsa mwachindunji boma la Syria ndi kuukira kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komwe kudachitika pa Epulo 4 komwe kudapha anthu opitilira 80, kuphatikiza ana ambiri, ndipo kudapangitsa Purezidenti Donald Trump kulamula kuti kuukira kwa malo omenyera ndege aku Syria kuchitike.
Umboni watsopano womwe France idatulutsa Lachitatu ukugwirizanitsa mwachindunji boma la Syria ndi kuukira kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komwe kudachitika pa Epulo 4 komwe kudapha anthu opitilira 80, kuphatikiza ana ambiri, ndipo kudapangitsa Purezidenti Donald Trump kulamula kuti kuukira kwa malo omenyera ndege aku Syria kuchitike.
Umboni watsopanowu, womwe uli mu lipoti la masamba asanu ndi limodzi lokonzedwa ndi akatswiri azamisala aku France, ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino kwambiri yokhudza momwe Syria idagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oopsa a mitsempha otchedwa sarin pakuukira mzinda wa Khan Sheikhoun.
Lipotilo la ku France likubweretsa kukayikira kwatsopano pa zomwe zidalengezedwa kuti ndi pangano lakale la zida za mankhwala pakati pa US ndi Russia lomwe lidasainidwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2013 ndi Secretary of State wa US John Kerry ndi Nduna Yowona Zakunja ya Russia Sergei Lavrov. Mgwirizanowu uli ngati njira yothandiza yochotsera pulogalamu ya zida za mankhwala ku Syria "yolengezedwa". France idanenanso kuti Syria yakhala ikufuna kupeza matani makumi ambiri a isopropyl alcohol, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu sarin, kuyambira 2014, ngakhale idalonjeza mu Okutobala 2013 kuti idzawononga zida zake za mankhwala.
"Kuwunika kwa a ku France kumatsimikiza kuti pakadali kukayikira kwakukulu pankhani yolondola, tsatanetsatane, komanso kuwona mtima kwa kuchotsedwa kwa zida zankhondo za mankhwala ku Syria," chikalatacho chikutero. "Makamaka, France ikukhulupirira kuti ngakhale kuti Syria yadzipereka kuwononga zonse zomwe zili m'matumba ndi malo, yasungabe mphamvu zopangira kapena kusunga Sarin."
Zomwe France yapeza, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zachilengedwe zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa ku Khan Sheikhoun ndi chitsanzo cha magazi chomwe chinatengedwa kuchokera kwa m'modzi mwa omwe anaphedwa pa tsiku la kuukiraku, zikugwirizana ndi zomwe US, UK, Turkey ndi OPCW akunena kuti gasi wa Sarin unagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Khan Sheikhoun.
Koma Afalansa akupitirira apo, ponena kuti mtundu wa sarin womwe unagwiritsidwa ntchito poukira Khan Sheikhoun unali chitsanzo chomwecho cha sarin chomwe chinasonkhanitsidwa panthawi ya kuukira kwa boma la Syria mumzinda wa Sarakib pa Epulo 29, 2013. Pambuyo pa kuukira kumeneku, France idalandira kopi ya grenade yosaphulika yomwe inali ndi ma mililita 100 a sarin.
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya ku France yomwe inafalitsidwa Lachitatu ku Paris ndi Nduna ya Zachilendo ya ku France Jean-Marc Herault, chipangizo chophulika cha mankhwala chinagwetsedwa kuchokera ku helikopita ndipo "boma la Syria liyenera kuti linagwiritsa ntchito poukira Sarakib."
Kufufuza kwa grenade kunavumbula zizindikiro za hexamine ya mankhwala, gawo lofunika kwambiri pa pulogalamu ya zida za mankhwala ku Syria. Malinga ndi malipoti aku France, Syrian Center for Scientific Research, chosungira zida za mankhwala cha boma, chapanga njira yowonjezera herotropin ku zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za sarin, isopropanol ndi methylphosphonodifluoride, kuti ikhazikitse sarin ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yake.
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya ku France, "sarin yomwe inalipo mu zida zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Epulo 4 idapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana yopangira yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma la Syria pa kuukira kwa Sarin ku Saraqib." "Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa hexamine kukusonyeza kuti njira yopangira idapangidwa ndi malo ofufuzira a boma la Syria."
"Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti boma la dzikolo litsimikizire poyera kuti boma la Syria lagwiritsa ntchito hexamine kupanga sarin, kutsimikizira lingaliro lomwe lakhala likufalikira kwa zaka zoposa zitatu," adatero Dan Casetta, katswiri wa zida za mankhwala ku London komanso wakale wa US. Urotropine, mkulu wa asilikali ankhondo a Chemical Corps, sanapezeke m'mapulojekiti a sarin m'maiko ena.
"Kupezeka kwa urotropin," adatero, "kumagwirizanitsa zochitika zonsezi ndi sarin ndipo kumalumikiza kwambiri ndi boma la Syria."
"Malipoti a zanzeru aku France amapereka umboni wamphamvu kwambiri wasayansi wogwirizanitsa boma la Syria ndi ziwopsezo za Khan Sheikhoun sarin," adatero Gregory Koblenz, mkulu wa pulogalamu yomaliza maphunziro a biodefense ku George Mason University.
Syrian Research Center (SSRC) idakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 kuti ipange mwachinsinsi zida za mankhwala ndi zida zina zomwe sizili zachilendo. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, CIA idati boma la Syria limatha kupanga pafupifupi matani 8 a sarin pamwezi.
Boma la Trump, lomwe latulutsa umboni wochepa wosonyeza kuti Syria yatenga nawo mbali pa kuukira kwa Khan Sheikhoun, sabata ino lapereka chilango kwa antchito 271 a SSRC pobwezera kuukirako.
Ulamuliro wa ku Syria ukukana kugwiritsa ntchito sarin kapena chida china chilichonse cha mankhwala. Russia, yomwe ndi nthumwi yayikulu ya ku Syria, yati kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zapoizoni ku Khan Sheikhoun kunachitika chifukwa cha ziwopsezo za ndege za ku Syria pa malo osungira zida za mankhwala a zigawenga.
Koma manyuzipepala aku France adatsutsa zomwe ananenazi, ponena kuti "lingaliro lakuti magulu ankhondo adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera mitsempha pochita ziwopsezo za pa Epulo 4 silili lodalirika ... Palibe gulu lililonse mwa magulu awa lomwe linali ndi mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera mitsempha kapena kuchuluka kwa mpweya komwe kumafunika."
Mukatumiza imelo yanu, mukuvomereza mfundo zachinsinsi ndi Migwirizano Yogwiritsira Ntchito ndipo mumalandira maimelo kuchokera kwa ife. Mutha kusankha kukana nthawi iliyonse.
Pa zokambiranazo panali kazembe wakale wa US, katswiri pa Iran, katswiri pa Libya komanso mlangizi wakale wa British Conservative Party.
China, Russia ndi anzawo olamulira mwankhanza akuyambitsa mkangano wina waukulu pa kontinenti yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mukatumiza imelo yanu, mukuvomereza mfundo zachinsinsi ndi Migwirizano Yogwiritsira Ntchito ndipo mumalandira maimelo kuchokera kwa ife. Mutha kusankha kukana nthawi iliyonse.
Polembetsa, ndikuvomereza Ndondomeko Yachinsinsi ndi Migwirizano Yogwiritsira Ntchito, komanso kulandira zopereka zapadera kuchokera ku Ndondomeko Yachilendo nthawi ndi nthawi.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, dziko la United States lachitapo kanthu kuti lichepetse kukula kwa ukadaulo wa China. Zilango zotsogozedwa ndi US zaika ziletso zosayembekezereka pa mwayi wa Beijing wopeza luso lapamwamba la makompyuta. Poyankha, China yafulumizitsa chitukuko cha makampani ake aukadaulo ndikuchepetsa kudalira kwake zinthu zakunja. Wang Dan, katswiri waukadaulo komanso mlendo woyendera ku Paul Tsai China Center ku Yale Law School, amakhulupirira kuti mpikisano waukadaulo wa China umadalira luso lopanga zinthu. Nthawi zina njira ya China imaposa ya United States. Kodi nkhondo yatsopanoyi yaukadaulo ikupita kuti? Kodi mayiko ena adzakhudzidwa bwanji? Kodi akukonzanso bwanji ubale wawo ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi? Lowani nawo Ravi Agrawal wa FP akulankhula ndi Wang za kukwera kwa ukadaulo wa China komanso ngati zochita za US zingaletsedi.
Kwa zaka zambiri, bungwe la US lomwe limayang'anira mfundo zakunja lakhala likuwona India ngati mnzawo wogwirizana pankhondo ya mphamvu ya US-China m'chigawo cha Indo-Pacific. Ashley J. Tellis, yemwe wakhala akuyang'anira ubale wa US-India kwa nthawi yayitali, akuti zomwe Washington akuyembekezera ku New Delhi ndizolakwika. Mu nkhani yofalitsidwa kwambiri ya Zachilendo, Tellis adati White House iyenera kuganiziranso zomwe ikuyembekezera ku India. Kodi Tellis ndi wolondola? Tumizani mafunso anu kwa Tellis ndi woulutsa nkhani wa FP Live Ravi Agrawal kuti akambirane mozama asanafike ulendo wa Prime Minister wa India ku White House pa June 22.
Dera lolumikizidwa. microchip. semiconductor. Kapena, monga momwe amadziwikira bwino, ma chips. Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka silicon komwe kamathandizira ndikutanthauzira miyoyo yathu yamakono kali ndi mayina ambiri. F…onetsani zambiri Kuyambira mafoni a m'manja mpaka magalimoto mpaka makina ochapira, ma chips ndi maziko a dziko lonse lapansi monga momwe timadziwira. Ndi ofunikira kwambiri momwe anthu amakono amagwirira ntchito kotero kuti iwo ndi maunyolo awo onse ogulitsa akhala maziko a mpikisano wa geopolitical. Komabe, mosiyana ndi ukadaulo wina, ma chips apamwamba kwambiri sangapangidwe ndi aliyense. Kampani Yopanga Ma Chip (TSMC) ya Taiwan Semiconductor (TSMC) imayang'anira pafupifupi 90% ya msika wapamwamba wa ma chips, ndipo palibe kampani ina kapena dziko lomwe likuwoneka kuti likukwaniritsa. koma chifukwa chiyani? Kodi TSMC's Secret Sauce ndi chiyani? Nchiyani chimapangitsa semiconductor yake kukhala yapadera kwambiri? Nchifukwa chiyani izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi ndi geopolitics? Kuti mudziwe, Ravi Agrawal wa FP adafunsa Chris Miller, wolemba Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology. Miller ndi Pulofesa Wachiwiri wa Mbiri Yapadziko Lonse ku Fletcher School of Tufts University.
Kulimbana kwa mpando mu bungwe la UN Security Council kwasanduka nkhondo yoyimira pakati pa Russia ndi dziko lonse lapansi.