Patatha pafupifupi zaka khumi ali mtsogoleri wa mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Mlembi Wamkulu wa EU ali wokonzeka kupereka ndodo.
Umboni watsopano womwe unatulutsidwa ndi France Lachitatu umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi boma la Syria ku April 4 kuukira kwa mankhwala komwe kunapha anthu oposa 80, kuphatikizapo ana ambiri, ndipo zinachititsa Purezidenti Donald Trump kuti ayambe kulamula kuti awononge ndege ya Syria.
Umboni watsopano womwe unatulutsidwa ndi France Lachitatu umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi boma la Syria ku April 4 kuukira kwa mankhwala komwe kunapha anthu oposa 80, kuphatikizapo ana ambiri, ndipo zinachititsa Purezidenti Donald Trump kuti ayambe kulamula kuti awononge ndege ya Syria.
Umboni watsopano, womwe uli mu lipoti lamasamba asanu ndi limodzi lokonzedwa ndi anzeru aku France, ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino ya anthu aku Syria akuti amagwiritsa ntchito sarin wakupha minyewa pakuukira mzinda wa Khan Sheikhoun.
Lipoti la ku France likudzutsa kukayikira kwatsopano ponena za kutsimikizika kwa zomwe zinalengezedwa ngati mbiri yakale ya mgwirizano wa zida za mankhwala a US-Russia omwe adasainidwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2013 ndi Mlembi wa boma wa US John Kerry ndi Nduna Yachilendo ya Russia Sergei Lavrov. Mgwirizanowu uli ngati njira yothandiza yochotsera pulogalamu ya zida zankhondo zaku Syria "zolengezedwa". France idatinso Syria yakhala ikufuna kupeza matani makumi a mowa wa isopropyl, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu sarin, kuyambira 2014, ngakhale mu Okutobala 2013 adalonjeza kuwononga zida zake zankhondo.
"Kuwunika kwa ku France kukutsimikizira kuti pakadali kukayikira kwakukulu za kulondola, tsatanetsatane komanso kuwona mtima kwa kuchotsedwa kwa zida zankhondo zaku Syria," idatero chikalatacho. "Makamaka, France ikukhulupirira kuti ngakhale Syria idadzipereka kuwononga nkhokwe zonse ndi zida, idakwanitsa kupanga kapena kusunga Sarin."
Zomwe dziko la France linapeza, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za chilengedwe zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa ku Khan Sheikhoun ndi magazi omwe anatengedwa kwa mmodzi mwa anthu omwe anaphedwa pa tsiku la chiwonongeko, amathandizira US, UK, Turkey ndi OPCW amanena kuti mpweya wa Sarin unagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Khan Sheikhoun.
Koma a French amapita patsogolo, ponena kuti mtundu wa sarin womwe unagwiritsidwa ntchito poukira Khan Sheikhoun unali chitsanzo chomwecho cha sarin chomwe chinasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yomwe boma la Syria linaukira mzinda wa Sarakib pa April 29, 2013. Pambuyo pa kuukira kumeneku, dziko la France linalandira kopi ya grenade yosasunthika, yosaphulika yomwe ili ndi mamililita 100 a sarin.
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya ku France yofalitsidwa Lachitatu ku Paris ndi Nduna Yowona Zachilendo ku France Jean-Marc Herault, chida chophulika cha mankhwala chinatayidwa mu helikopita ndipo "boma la Syria liyenera kuti linagwiritsa ntchito poukira Sarakib."
Kuwunika kwa grenade kunawonetsa kuti pali mankhwala a hexamine, omwe ndi gawo lalikulu la zida zankhondo zaku Syria. Malinga ndi malipoti a ku France, Syrian Center for Scientific Research, incubator ya zida zankhondo za boma, yapanga njira yowonjezera herotropin ku zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za sarin, isopropanol ndi methylphosphonodifluoride, kuti akhazikitse sarin ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zake.
Malinga ndi kunena kwa nyuzipepala ya ku France, “sarin yomwe inali m’zida zankhondo zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa April 4 inapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe boma la Syria linagwiritsa ntchito poukira Sarin ku Saraqib.” "Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa hexamine kukuwonetsa kuti njira yopangira idapangidwa ndi likulu la kafukufuku la boma la Syria."
"Aka ndi koyamba kuti boma la dziko litsimikizire poyera kuti boma la Syria linagwiritsa ntchito hexamine kupanga sarin, kutsimikizira lingaliro lomwe lakhala likuzungulira kwa zaka zoposa zitatu," adatero Dan Casetta, katswiri wa zida za mankhwala ku London komanso mtsogoleri wakale wa US. Army Chemical Corps Officer Urotropine sanapezeke mu ntchito sarin m'mayiko ena.
"Kupezeka kwa urotropin," adatero, "amagwirizanitsa zochitika zonsezi ndi sarin ndikuzigwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi boma la Syria."
"Malipoti anzeru zaku France amapereka umboni wotsimikizika wasayansi wolumikizana ndi boma la Syria ku Khan Sheikhoun sarin," atero a Gregory Koblenz, mkulu wa pulogalamu ya omaliza maphunziro a biodefense ku George Mason University. “
Syrian Research Center (SSRC) idakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa 1970s kuti ipange mobisa zida zamankhwala ndi zida zina zomwe sizinali zachilendo. Kalelo pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, CIA idati boma la Syria limatha kupanga pafupifupi matani 8 a sarin pamwezi.
Ulamuliro wa Trump, womwe watulutsa umboni wochepa wokhudza kukhudzidwa kwa Syria pakuwukira kwa Khan Sheikhoun, sabata ino adalamula antchito a 271 SSRC kubwezera.
Boma la Syria limakana kugwiritsa ntchito sarin kapena chida china chilichonse chamankhwala. Russia, wothandizira wamkulu wa Syria, adanena kuti kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zapoizoni ku Khan Sheikhoun kunali chifukwa cha kuwombera ndege ku Syria pa malo osungira zida za mankhwala opanduka.
Koma nyuzipepala za ku France zinatsutsa zomwe adanenazo, ponena kuti "lingaliro lakuti magulu ankhondo adagwiritsa ntchito minyewa kuti achite zigawenga za Epulo 4 sizodalirika ... .
Potumiza imelo yanu, mumavomereza Mfundo Zazinsinsi ndi Migwirizano Yogwiritsa Ntchito ndikulandila maimelo kuchokera kwa ife. Mutha kutuluka nthawi iliyonse.
Zokambiranazo zidapezeka ndi kazembe wakale waku US, katswiri waku Iran, katswiri wa Libya komanso mlangizi wakale wa Briteni Conservative Party.
China, Russia ndi ogwirizana nawo aulamuliro akuyambitsa mkangano wina waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Potumiza imelo yanu, mumavomereza Mfundo Zazinsinsi ndi Migwirizano Yogwiritsa Ntchito ndikulandila maimelo kuchokera kwa ife. Mutha kutuluka nthawi iliyonse.
Polembetsa, ndimavomereza Mfundo Zazinsinsi ndi Migwirizano Yogwiritsiridwa Ntchito, ndi kulandira zopereka zapadera kuchokera ku Ndondomeko Yachilendo nthawi ndi nthawi.
Pazaka zingapo zapitazi, dziko la United States lachitapo kanthu kuti lichepetse kukula kwaukadaulo ku China. Zilango zotsogozedwa ndi US zayika zoletsa zomwe sizinachitikepo kuti Beijing azitha kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri. Poyankha, China idafulumizitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale ake aukadaulo ndikuchepetsa kudalira kwake kuchokera kunja. Wang Dan, katswiri waukadaulo komanso mnzake wochezera ku Paul Tsai China Center ku Yale Law School, akukhulupirira kuti kupikisana kwaukadaulo ku China kumatengera luso la kupanga. Nthawi zina njira yaku China imaposa ya United States. Kodi nkhondo yaukadaulo yatsopanoyi ikupita kuti? Kodi mayiko ena adzakhudzidwa bwanji? Kodi akuunikanso bwanji unansi wawo ndi dziko lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse la zachuma? Lowani nawo a Ravi Agrawal wa FP akulankhula ndi Wang za kukwera kwaukadaulo waku China komanso ngati zomwe US ​​zingaziletse.
Kwa zaka zambiri, bungwe lokhazikitsa mfundo zakunja ku US lakhala likuwona India ngati bwenzi lomwe lingathe kuchita nawo pankhondo yaku US-China kudera la Indo-Pacific. B…onetsani zambiri Ashley J. Tellis, yemwe wakhala akuwona ubale wa US-India kwa nthawi yayitali, akuti zomwe Washington akuyembekeza ku New Delhi ndi zolakwika. M'nkhani yofalitsidwa kwambiri ya Zakunja, Tellis adati White House iyenera kuganiziranso zomwe ikuyembekeza ku India. Kodi Tellis ndi wolondola? Tumizani mafunso anu kwa Tellis ndi wolandila FP Live Ravi Agrawal kuti mukakambirane mozama zaulendo wa Prime Minister waku India Narendra Modi ku White House pa Juni 22.
Dera lophatikizika. microchip. semiconductor. Kapena, monga amadziwika bwino, tchipisi. Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka silicon komwe kamapereka mphamvu ndikutanthauzira miyoyo yathu yamakono ili ndi mayina ambiri. F...onetsani zambiri Kuchokera pa mafoni a m'manja kupita ku magalimoto mpaka makina ochapira, tchipisi timayang'ana kwambiri padziko lapansi monga tikudziwira. Iwo ndi ofunikira kwambiri ku momwe anthu amakono amagwirira ntchito kotero kuti iwo ndi maunyolo awo onse ogulitsa akhala msana wa mpikisano wa geopolitical. Komabe, mosiyana ndi matekinoloje ena, tchipisi tapamwamba kwambiri sichingapangidwe ndi aliyense. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) imayang'anira pafupifupi 90% ya msika wapamwamba wa chip, ndipo palibe kampani kapena dziko lina lomwe likuwoneka kuti likuchita bwino. koma chifukwa chiyani? Kodi Chinsinsi cha TSMC's Secret Sauce ndi chiyani? Kodi chimapangitsa semiconductor yake kukhala yapadera bwanji? Chifukwa chiyani izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi komanso geopolitics? Kuti adziwe, Ravi Agrawal wa FP adafunsa Chris Miller, wolemba Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology. Miller ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira wa International History ku Fletcher School of Tufts University.
Kumenyera mpando ku UN Security Council kwasintha kukhala nkhondo yoyimira pakati pa Russia ndi dziko lapansi.