Nkhaniyi yawunikidwanso mogwirizana ndi njira ndi mfundo za Science X zolembera nkhani. Olemba nkhani agogomezera makhalidwe otsatirawa pamene akutsimikizira kuti nkhaniyo ndi yoona:
Kaboni diokiside (CO2) ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo padziko lapansi komanso mpweya woipa womwe umathandizira kutentha kwa dziko lapansi. Masiku ano, asayansi akuphunzira za kaboni diokiside ngati chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopangira mafuta obwezerezedwanso, opanda kaboni wambiri komanso mankhwala amtengo wapatali.
Vuto la ofufuza ndikupeza njira zogwira mtima komanso zotsika mtengo zosinthira carbon dioxide kukhala zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga carbon monoxide, methanol kapena formic acid.
Gulu lofufuza lotsogozedwa ndi KK Neuerlin wa National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku Argonne National Laboratory ndi Oak Ridge National Laboratory lapeza njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli. Gululo linapanga njira yosinthira kuti lipange formic acid kuchokera ku carbon dioxide pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ongowonjezwdwanso omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba.
Kafukufukuyu, wotchedwa “Scalable membrane electrode assembly architecture for efficient electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid,” adasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Nature Communications.
Formic acid ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ngati zinthu zopangira mankhwala kapena zamoyo. Formic acid yadziwikanso kuti ndi chakudya chopangira biorefining kukhala mafuta oyera a ndege.
Kuchuluka kwa CO2 m'ma electrolysis kumapangitsa kuti CO2 ichepetsedwe kukhala mankhwala monga formic acid kapena mamolekyu monga ethylene pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku selo ya electrolytic.
Msonkhano wa membrane-electrode (MEA) mu electrolyzer nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi membrane yoyendetsa ma ion (cation kapena anion exchange membrane) yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa ma electrode awiri okhala ndi electrocatalyst ndi polymer yoyendetsa ma ion.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa gululo mu ukadaulo wa maselo amafuta ndi hydrogen electrolysis, adaphunzira mawonekedwe angapo a MEA m'maselo amagetsi kuti ayerekezere kuchepetsa kwa CO2 ndi formic acid.
Kutengera kusanthula kwa kulephera kwa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, gululi linayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zofooka za zida zomwe zilipo, makamaka kusowa kwa kukana kwa ma ion mu nembanemba yosinthira ma anion, ndikupangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake konse kakhale kosavuta.
Kupangidwa kwa KS Neierlin ndi Leiming Hu wa NREL kunali electrolyzer yabwino kwambiri ya MEA pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba yatsopano yosinthira cation yokhala ndi mabowo. Nembanemba yoboola iyi imapereka kupanga kwa formic acid kokhazikika komanso kosankha bwino ndipo imapangitsa kapangidwe kake kukhala kosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizili pashelefu.
"Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuyimira kusintha kwa njira zopangira ma organic acids monga formic acid pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitiromagine," adatero wolemba mnzake Neierlin. "Kapangidwe ka nembanemba yobowoka kamachepetsa zovuta za mapangidwe akale ndipo kangagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso kulimba kwa zida zina zosinthira carbon dioxide pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitiromagine."
Monga momwe zilili ndi kupita patsogolo kulikonse kwa sayansi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zimawononga ndalama komanso kuthekera kwachuma. Pogwira ntchito m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana, ofufuza a NREL, Zhe Huang ndi Tao Ling, adapereka kusanthula kwaukadaulo ndi zachuma komwe kukuwonetsa njira zopezera kufanana kwa mtengo ndi njira zamakono zopangira ma formic acid a mafakitale pomwe mtengo wamagetsi ongowonjezwdwanso uli pa kapena pansi pa masenti 2.3 pa kilowatt-ola.
"Gululi linapeza zotsatira izi pogwiritsa ntchito ma catalyst omwe amapezeka m'masitolo ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi polymer membrane, pomwe limapanga kapangidwe ka MEA komwe kamagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wokulirapo kwa maselo amafuta amakono ndi zomera zamagetsi za hydrogen," adatero Neierlin.
"Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zingathandize kusintha carbon dioxide kukhala mafuta ndi mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi obwezerezedwanso ndi haidrojeni, zomwe zingathandize kuti kusinthaku kukhale kokulirapo komanso kogulitsa."
Ukadaulo wosintha ma electrochemical ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la pulogalamu ya NREL's Electrons to Molecules, yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri pa haidrojeni yongowonjezedwanso ya m'badwo wotsatira, mafuta osagwiritsidwa ntchito, mankhwala ndi zinthu zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi.
"Pulogalamu yathu ikufufuza njira zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi obwezerezedwanso kuti asinthe mamolekyu monga carbon dioxide ndi madzi kukhala zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati magwero a mphamvu," anatero Randy Cortright, mkulu wa njira ya NREL yosinthira ma electron ndi/kapena njira zoyambira zopangira mafuta kapena mankhwala."
"Kafukufuku wokhudza kusintha kwa ma electrochemical uku wapereka chitukuko chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira ma electrochemical, ndipo tikuyembekezera zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku gululi."
Zambiri: Leiming Hu et al., Kapangidwe ka ma electrode osakanikirana ndi membrane kuti asinthe bwino CO2 kukhala formic acid, Nature Communications (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43409-6
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