Gawo lakunja lomata la bowa ndi mabakiteriya, lotchedwa "extracellular matrix" kapena ECM, lili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi jelly ndipo limagwira ntchito ngati gawo loteteza komanso chipolopolo. Koma malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa mu magazini ya iScience, wochitidwa ndi University of Massachusetts Amherst mogwirizana ndi Worcester Polytechnic Institute, ECM ya tizilombo tina imapanga gel pokhapokha ngati pali oxalic acid kapena ma acid ena osavuta. Chifukwa ECM imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuyambira kukana maantibayotiki mpaka mapaipi otsekeka komanso kuipitsidwa kwa zida zachipatala, kumvetsetsa momwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsira ntchito zigawo zawo zomata za gel kumakhudza kwambiri miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku.

“Nthawi zonse ndakhala ndi chidwi ndi ma ECM a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,” anatero Barry Goodell, pulofesa wa sayansi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku yunivesite ya Massachusetts Amherst komanso wolemba wamkulu wa nkhaniyi. “Anthu nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ECM ndi gawo lakunja loteteza lomwe limateteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma lingathenso kugwira ntchito ngati njira yopezera zakudya ndi ma enzymes mkati ndi kunja kwa maselo a tizilombo.”
Chophimbacho chimagwira ntchito zingapo: kukhala chomata kumatanthauza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokha tingagwirizane kuti tipange madera kapena "biofilms", ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokwanira tikachita izi, tingatseke mapaipi kapena kuipitsa zida zachipatala.
Koma chipolopolocho chiyeneranso kulowetsedwa: tizilombo tambiri timatulutsa ma enzyme osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina kudzera mu ECM, kupita ku zinthu zomwe akufuna kudya kapena kupatsira matenda (monga matabwa owola kapena minofu ya nyama), kenako, ma enzyme akamaliza ntchito yawo, ntchito yogaya chakudya - imabwezanso michere kudzera mu ECM.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ECM si gawo loteteza lokha; Ndipotu, monga momwe Goodell ndi anzake adasonyezera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaoneka kuti tili ndi mphamvu zowongolera kukhuthala kwa ECM yawo komanso kulowerera kwake. Kodi amachita bwanji izi?
Mu bowa, kutulutsa kwake kumawoneka ngati oxalic acid, asidi wamba wachilengedwe womwe umapezeka mwachilengedwe m'zomera zambiri, ndipo, monga momwe Goodell ndi anzake adapezera, tizilombo tambiri timagwiritsa ntchito oxalic acid yomwe imatulutsa kuti igwirizane ndi zigawo zakunja za chakudya. kupanga chinthu chomata. , ECM yonga jelly.
Koma gululo litayang'anitsitsa, linapeza kuti oxalic acid sinangothandiza kupanga ECM yokha, komanso "kuiwongolera": oxalic acid ikawonjezeredwa ku carbohydrate-acid, ECM imakhala yokhuthala kwambiri. ECM ikamakhala yokhuthala kwambiri, imaletsa mamolekyu akuluakulu kulowa kapena kutuluka mu virus, pomwe mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amakhala omasuka kulowa mu virus kuchokera ku chilengedwe komanso mosemphanitsa.
Kupeza kumeneku kumatsutsa kumvetsetsa kwachikhalidwe kwa asayansi momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe amatulutsidwa ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya amalowera kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kupita ku chilengedwe. Goodell ndi anzake adanenanso kuti nthawi zina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingafunike kudalira kwambiri kutulutsa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuti tiukire matrix kapena minofu yomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadalira kuti tipulumuke kapena titenge kachilomboka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutulutsa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kungathandizenso kwambiri pakupanga matenda ngati ma enzyme akuluakulu sangathe kudutsa mu matrix ya microbial extracellular.
“Zikuoneka kuti pali malo apakati,” anatero Goodell, “komwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa asidi kuti tizolowere malo enaake, kusunga mamolekyu akuluakulu ena, monga ma enzyme, pamene kulola mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kudutsa mosavuta mu ECM. “Kusintha kwa ECM ndi oxalic acid kungakhale njira yoti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidziteteze ku mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maantibayotiki, popeza mankhwala ambiriwa amakhala ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu kwambiri. Ndi luso losintha zinthu lomwe lingakhale chinsinsi chothana ndi chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu pa chithandizo cha maantibayotiki, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito ECM kuti ilowe bwino kungathandize kuti maantibayotiki ndi maantibayotiki azigwira ntchito bwino.

"Ngati tingathe kuwongolera kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi kutulutsa kwa ma asidi ang'onoang'ono monga oxalate m'ma microbes ena, ndiye kuti tingathenso kuwongolera zomwe zimalowa m'ma microbes, zomwe zingatithandize kuchiza bwino matenda ambiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda," adatero Goodell.
Mu Disembala 2022, katswiri wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Yasu Morita adalandira ndalama zothandizira kafukufuku wochokera ku National Institutes of Health kuti athandizire kafukufuku yemwe cholinga chake chinali kupanga njira zatsopano komanso zothandiza kwambiri zochizira chifuwa chachikulu.

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