Nkhaniyi yawunikidwanso mogwirizana ndi njira ndi mfundo za Science X zolembera nkhani. Olemba nkhani agogomezera makhalidwe otsatirawa pamene akutsimikizira kuti nkhaniyo ndi yoona:
Gawo lakunja lomata la bowa ndi mabakiteriya, lotchedwa "extracellular matrix" kapena ECM, lili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi jelly ndipo limagwira ntchito ngati gawo loteteza komanso chipolopolo. Koma malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wofalitsidwa mu magazini ya iScience, wochitidwa ndi University of Massachusetts Amherst mogwirizana ndi Worcester Polytechnic Institute, ECM ya tizilombo tina imapanga gel pokhapokha ngati pali oxalic acid kapena ma acid ena osavuta. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2′); });
Popeza ECM imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuyambira pa kusamva mankhwala opha majeremusi mpaka mapaipi otsekeka komanso kuipitsidwa kwa zipangizo zachipatala, kumvetsetsa momwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsira ntchito zigawo zawo zomata za gel kumakhudza kwambiri miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku.
“Nthawi zonse ndakhala ndi chidwi ndi ma ECM a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,” anatero Barry Goodell, pulofesa wa sayansi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku yunivesite ya Massachusetts Amherst komanso wolemba wamkulu wa nkhaniyi. “Anthu nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ECM ndi gawo lakunja loteteza lomwe limateteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma limathanso kugwira ntchito ngati njira yolola michere ndi ma enzyme kulowa ndi kutuluka m'maselo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.”
Chophimbacho chimagwira ntchito zingapo: kukhala chomata kumatanthauza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokha tingagwirizane kuti tipange madera kapena "biofilms", ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokwanira tikachita izi, tingatseke mapaipi kapena kuipitsa zida zachipatala.
Koma chipolopolocho chiyeneranso kulowetsedwa. Tizilombo tambiri timatulutsa ma enzyme osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina kudzera mu ECM kupita ku zinthu zomwe akufuna kudya kapena kuziwononga (monga nkhuni zowola kapena minofu ya vertebrate), kenako, ma enzyme akamaliza ntchito yawo yogaya chakudya, amasuntha zakudya kudzera mu ECM. Chosakanizacho chimalowanso m'thupi.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ECM si gawo loteteza lokha; Ndipotu, monga momwe Goodell ndi anzake adawonetsera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaoneka kuti tili ndi mphamvu zowongolera kumamatira kwa ECM yawo komanso chifukwa chake kulowa kwawo. Kodi amachita bwanji izi? Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi: B. Goodell
Mu bowa, kutulutsa kwake kumawoneka ngati oxalic acid, asidi wamba wachilengedwe womwe umapezeka mwachilengedwe m'zomera zambiri. Monga momwe Goodell ndi anzake adapezera, mabakiteriya ambiri akuwoneka kuti amagwiritsa ntchito oxalic acid yomwe amatulutsa kuti amangirire ku gawo lakunja la chakudya, ndikupanga ECM yomata, yofanana ndi gel.
Koma gululo litayang'anitsitsa, linapeza kuti oxalic acid sinangothandiza kupanga ECM yokha, komanso "kuiwongolera": oxalic acid ikawonjezeredwa ku carbohydrate-acid, ECM imakhala yokhuthala kwambiri. ECM ikamakhala yokhuthala kwambiri, imaletsa mamolekyu akuluakulu kulowa kapena kutuluka mu virus, pomwe mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amakhala omasuka kulowa mu virus kuchokera ku chilengedwe komanso mosemphanitsa.
Kupeza kumeneku kumatsutsa kumvetsetsa kwachikhalidwe kwa asayansi momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe amatulutsidwa ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya amalowera kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kupita ku chilengedwe. Goodell ndi anzake adati nthawi zina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingafunike kudalira kwambiri kutulutsa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuti tiukire matrix kapena minofu yomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadalira kuti tipulumuke kapena titenge kachilomboka.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutulutsa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kungathandizenso kwambiri pakupanga matenda ngati ma enzyme akuluakulu sangathe kudutsa mu microbial extracellular matrix.
“Zikuoneka kuti pali malo apakati,” anatero Goodell, “komwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa asidi kuti tizolowere malo enaake, kusunga mamolekyu akuluakulu ena, monga ma enzyme, pamene kulola mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kudutsa mosavuta mu ECM.”
Kusintha kwa ECM ndi oxalic acid kungakhale njira yoti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizidziteteze ku mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso maantibayotiki, chifukwa mankhwala ambiriwa amapangidwa ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu kwambiri. Ndi luso losintha zinthu lomwe lingakhale chinsinsi chothana ndi chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu pa chithandizo cha maantibayotiki, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito ECM kuti ilowe bwino kungathandize kuti maantibayotiki ndi maantibayotiki azigwira ntchito bwino.
"Ngati tingathe kuwongolera kapangidwe ka zinthu m'thupi ndi kutulutsa kwa ma asidi ang'onoang'ono monga oxalate m'ma microbes ena, tingathenso kuwongolera zomwe zimalowa m'ma microbes, zomwe zingatithandize kuchiza bwino matenda ambiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda," adatero Goodell.
Zambiri: Gabriel Perez-Gonzalez et al., Kuyanjana kwa ma oxalates ndi beta-glucan: zotsatira zake pa bowa la extracellular matrix ndi metabolite transport, iScience (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106851
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