Nkhani Zatsopano - Kufunika kwakukulu kwa mafuta ochokera ku kaboni kuti alimbikitse chuma kukupitilira kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kaboni dioksidayokisaidi (CO2) mumlengalenga. Ngakhale kuti kuyesetsa kukuchitika kuti achepetse mpweya wa CO2, izi sizichepetsa zotsatirapo zoyipa za mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga. Chifukwa chake ofufuza apeza njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito CO2 ya mumlengalenga poisintha kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga formic acid (HCOOH) ndi methanol. Kuchepetsa CO2 pogwiritsa ntchito ma photocatalyst pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kooneka ngati chothandizira ndi njira yotchuka yosinthira zinthu zotere.
Mu kafukufuku waposachedwa, womwe wawululidwa mu magazini yapadziko lonse ya Angewandte Chemie ya pa Meyi 8, 2023, Pulofesa Kazuhiko Maeda ndi gulu lake lofufuza ku Tokyo Institute of Technology apita patsogolo kwambiri. Apanga bwino chimango chachitsulo (Sn) chachitsulo-organic (MOF) chomwe chimalimbikitsa kuchepetsa CO2. MOF yomwe yangoyambitsidwa kumene idatchedwa KGF-10 ndipo njira yake yamankhwala ndi [SnII2(H3ttc)2.MeOH]n (H3ttc: trithiocyanuric acid, MeOH: methanol). Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowoneka bwino, KGF-10 imasintha CO2 kukhala formic acid (HCOOH). Pulofesa Maeda adafotokoza kuti, "Mpaka pano, ma photocatalyst ambiri ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ochepetsa CO2 kutengera zitsulo zosowa komanso zabwino apangidwa. Komabe, kuphatikiza ntchito zoyamwa kuwala ndi zoyambitsa kupanga chinthu chimodzi chopangidwa ndi zitsulo zambiri kumakhalabe vuto." Chifukwa chake, Sn adatsimikizira kuti ndi woyenera kuthana ndi zopinga ziwirizi."
Ma MOF, omwe amaphatikiza ubwino wa zitsulo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, akufufuzidwa ngati njira ina yobiriwira m'malo mwa ma photocatalyst achikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosowa zapadziko lapansi. Sn, yodziwika ndi ntchito zake ziwiri monga chothandizira komanso choyamwa kuwala mu njira zowunikira ma photocatalyst, ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwa ma photocatalyst opangidwa ndi MOF. Ngakhale kuti ma MOF opangidwa ndi zirconium, iron, ndi lead aphunziridwa kwambiri, kumvetsetsa kwa ma MOF opangidwa ndi Sn kudakali kochepa. Maphunziro ndi maphunziro ena akufunika kuti afufuze mokwanira mwayi ndi momwe ma MOF opangidwa ndi Sn angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakupanga photocatalysis.
Pofuna kupanga MOF KGF-10 yokhala ndi tin, ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito H3ttc (trithiocyanuric acid), MeOH (methanol), ndi tin chloride ngati zinthu zoyambira. Adasankha 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole ngati chopereka ma electron komanso gwero la hydrogen. Pambuyo pa kupanga, KGF-10 yomwe idapezeka idayesedwa njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira. Mayeso awa adawonetsa kuti zinthuzo zili ndi mphamvu yokwanira ya CO2 yokhala ndi band gap ya 2.5 eV komanso kuyamwa bwino muutali wowoneka bwino.
Atadziwa bwino za mphamvu ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zatsopanozi, asayansiwa anazigwiritsa ntchito pochepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kooneka. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ofufuzawo anapeza kuti KGF-10 imakwaniritsa kusintha kwa CO2 kuti ipange (HCOO-) ndi kusankha mpaka 99% popanda chothandizira chothandizira kuwala kapena chothandizira kuwala. Kuphatikiza apo, KGF-10 inawonetsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa quantum - muyeso wa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma photon - kufika pa 9.8% pa 400 nm. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kusanthula kwa kapangidwe kamene kanachitidwa panthawi ya kuwala kwa kuwala kunasonyeza kuti KGF-10 imasinthidwa kapangidwe kake kuti ithandize kuchepetsa kuwalako.
Kafukufuku wodabwitsa uyu akuwonetsa KGF-10 yopangidwa ndi tin yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri popanda kufunikira zitsulo zabwino ngati chothandizira chimodzi chochepetsera CO2 kuti ipangidwe ndi kuwala kooneka. Kapangidwe kabwino ka KGF-10 komwe kawonetsedwa mu kafukufukuyu kangasinthe kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ngati chothandizira pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa CO2 pogwiritsa ntchito dzuwa. Pulofesa Maeda akumaliza kuti: "Zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti MOFs zitha kukhala ngati nsanja yopangira luso lapamwamba la photocatalytic pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zopanda poizoni, zotsika mtengo, komanso zambiri zomwe zimapezeka Padziko Lapansi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta zachitsulo. Zosatheka." Kupeza kumeneku kumatsegula mwayi watsopano m'munda wa photocatalysis ndikutsegula njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika zinthu za Dziko Lapansi.
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