Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa mogwirizana ndi Center for Public Integrity, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani lopanda phindu lomwe lidadzipereka pakufufuza za kusalingana.
Bath. layer. njinga. Kevin Hartley, Drew Wynn ndi Joshua Atkins ankagwira ntchito mkati mwa miyezi 10 kuchokera pamene anamwalira, koma anali kugwira ntchito. Zinthuzo zimasiyana, koma chifukwa chomwe chimafupikitsa moyo wawo ndi chimodzimodzi: mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu utoto ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo.
Chifukwa cha chisoni ndi mantha, mabanja awo adalumbira kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti aletse methylene chloride kupha munthu wina.
Koma ku United States, mafakitale ochepa okha ndi omwe akumana ndi vuto lofananalo chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa ogwira ntchito komanso chitetezo cha ogula. Chifukwa chake methylene chloride inakhala yakupha anthu ambiri, ngakhale kuti panali machenjezo okhudza kuopsa kwa nthunzi yake ngakhale Hartley, Wayne ndi Atkins asanabadwe. Anthu ambiri, ngati si ochulukirapo, aphedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa popanda kulowererapo kwa bungwe lililonse.
Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Center for Public Integrity ndi pempho lochokera kwa olimbikitsa chitetezo, bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency pamapeto pake linapereka lingaliro loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa m'zotsukira utoto.
Unali Januwale 2017, masiku omaliza a ulamuliro wa Obama. Hartley anamwalira mu Epulo chaka chimenecho, Wynn mu Okutobala chaka chimenecho, ndipo Atkins mu February chaka chotsatira, panthawi yomwe ulamuliro wa Trump unali wodzipereka kwambiri pakusintha malamulo ndipo unkafuna kuchotsa malamulo m'malo mowonjezera—makamaka chilengedwe cha EPA. Cholinga cha methylene chloride sichinapite patali.
Komabe, patatha miyezi 13 Atkins atamwalira, bungwe la Trump loteteza zachilengedwe, lomwe lili pamavuto, linaganiza zosiya kugulitsa zinthu zochotsera utoto zomwe zili ndi methylene chloride. Mu Epulo, bungwe la Biden loteteza zachilengedwe linapereka lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo m'zinthu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu komanso m'malo ambiri ogwirira ntchito.
“Sitichita izi kawirikawiri ku United States,” anatero Dr. Robert Harrison, pulofesa wa zachipatala wa zamankhwala okhudza ntchito ndi zachilengedwe ku University of California, San Francisco. “Mabanja awa ndi ngwazi zanga.”
Umu ndi momwe adagonjetsera zovuta kuti akwaniritse izi komanso zomwe angakulimbikitseni ngati mukuyamba njira yovuta yofanana, kaya ndi zinthu zoopsa, malo ogwirira ntchito osatetezeka, kuipitsidwa kapena kuvulala kwina.
"Pangani chilichonse pa Google," akutero Brian Wynn, yemwe mchimwene wake wazaka 31, Drew, adagula methylene chloride kuti akonzenso shopu yake ya khofi yozizira ku South Carolina komanso firiji yolowera. "Ndipo kufikira anthu."
Umu ndi momwe adapezera kafukufuku wa Public Integrity Inquiry, womwe unafalitsidwa zaka ziwiri mchimwene wake asanamwalire, kulumikizana ndi akatswiri ndikuphunzira chilichonse kuyambira komwe angagule mankhwalawa mpaka chifukwa chake imfa zinali zovuta kuzipeza. (Utsi wa methylene chloride ndi woopsa ukasonkhana m'malo otsekedwa, ndipo ungayambitse matenda a mtima omwe amawoneka ngati imfa zachibadwa ngati palibe amene akuchita mayeso a poizoni.)
Malangizo ochokera kwa Wendy Hartley, amayi ake a Kevin: "Maphunziro" ndi mawu ofunikira pakusaka. Pakhoza kukhala kafukufuku wambiri womwe ukukuyembekezerani pamenepo. "Izi zithandiza kulekanitsa malingaliro ndi zenizeni," analemba motero mu imelo.
Lauren Atkins, mayi wa Joshua wazaka 31, yemwe anamwalira akukonza foloko ya njinga ya BMX, adalankhula ndi Harrison wa ku UCSF kangapo. Mu February 2018, adapeza mwana wake wamwamuna atafa pansi ndi botolo la lita imodzi la chotsukira utoto pafupi.
Chidziwitso cha Harrison cha methylene chloride chinamuthandiza kumasulira malipoti a poizoni ndi ofufuza za imfa ya mwana wake kukhala chifukwa chomveka bwino cha imfa. Kumveka bwino kumeneku kumapanga maziko olimba ochitirapo kanthu.
Kawirikawiri, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala kungayambitse mavuto azaumoyo kwa nthawi yayitali mwa anthu omwe sangawonekere kwa zaka zambiri. Nkhani yokhudza kuipitsa mpweya ingakhale yofanana. Koma ngati mukufuna kuti maboma achitepo kanthu pothana ndi mavuto otere, kafukufuku wamaphunziro akadali poyambira pabwino.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chinawathandiza kupambana chinali ubale wa banjali ndi magulu omwe kale anali kugwira ntchito pa nkhani za chitetezo cha mankhwala komanso pakati pawo.
Mwachitsanzo, Lauren Atkins adapeza pempho la Change.org lokhudza zinthu za methylene chloride kuchokera ku gulu lolimbikitsa la Safe Chemicals for Healthy Families (lomwe tsopano ndi Toxic Free Future) ndipo adasaina pempholi pokumbukira mwana wake wamwamuna yemwe adangotayika kumene. Brian Wayne mwachangu adatambasula dzanja lake.
Magulu amphamvu agwirizana kuti akwaniritse bwino ubwino wawo. Popanda kuchitapo kanthu kuchokera ku EPA, mabanja awa sadzayenera kuyamba kuyambira pachiyambi pokakamiza ogulitsa kuti achotse zinthu m'mashelefu awo: Safer Chemicals Healthier Families yayambitsa kampeni yake ya "Mind the Stores" poyankha pempho lamtunduwu.
Sayenera kupeza malamulo a bungwe kapena momwe angagwirire ntchito polimbikitsa anthu ku Capitol Hill okha. Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families, ndi Environmental Defense Fund ali ndi luso pankhaniyi.
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"Mukatha kupanga gulu ngati ili ... muli ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri," adatero Brian Wynn, akuloza ku Natural Resources Defense Council ngati gulu lina lomwe likutsata nkhaniyi mwachangu.
Si aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhondoyi amene angachite nawo mbali pagulu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu osamukira kudziko lina omwe alibe chilolezo chovomerezeka chokhazikika amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ngozi kuntchito, ndipo kusowa chilolezo kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kapena zosatheka kuti alankhulepo.
Ngati mabanja awa aika chidwi chawo chonse pa EPA, bungweli silingachitepo kanthu, makamaka chifukwa cha kukana kwa boma la Trump malamulo.
Akukakamiza ogulitsa poyang'anira masitolo awo kuti asagulitse zotsukira utoto zokhala ndi methylene chloride kuti apulumutse miyoyo. Mapempho ndi ziwonetsero zinagwira ntchito. Makampani kuphatikizapo Home Depot ndi Walmart agwirizana kuti asiye.
Akupempha mamembala a Congress kuti achitepo kanthu kudzera mu Safer Chemicals, Healthier Families ndi Environment Fund. Anapita ku Washington ndi zithunzi za mabanja m'manja. Analankhula ndi atolankhani ndipo analandira malipoti omwe anawonjezera kusamvana.
Maseneta aku South Carolina ndi membala wa nyumba yamalamulo adalemba kalata kwa Scott Pruitt, yemwe anali Woyang'anira Bungwe Loteteza Zachilengedwe panthawiyo. Mmodzi wa mamembala a nyumba yamalamulo adatsutsa Pruitt panthawi ya msonkhano wa Epulo 2018. Brian Wynn akukhulupirira kuti zonsezi zinathandiza banjali kukonzekera msonkhano ndi Pruitt mu Meyi 2018.
“Mlondayo anadabwa chifukwa palibe amene anabwera kwa iye,” anatero Brian Wayne. “Zili ngati kukumana ndi dziko lalikulu komanso lamphamvu la Oz.”
Paulendo wawo, banjali linapereka mlandu. Anagwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kuchenjeza anthu kuti asadziike pachiwopsezo. Lauren Atkins anapita ku masitolo ogulitsa zida kuti akaone ngati akuchotsadi zinthu za methylene chloride m'mashelefu awo monga momwe adanenera. (Nthawi zina inde, nthawi zina ayi.)
Ngati zonsezi zikuwoneka zosasangalatsa, simunalakwitse. Koma mabanjawo akukhulupirira kuti zinali zomveka bwino zomwe zikanachitika akanakhala kuti sanalowererepo.
"Palibe chomwe chidzachitike," anatero Lauren Atkins, "monga momwe sichinachitikirepo kale."
Kupambana pang'ono kumachulukirachulukira. Chinthu chimodzi chinatsogolera ku china chifukwa banja silinataye mtima. Nthawi zambiri pamafunika malingaliro a nthawi yayitali: Kupanga malamulo a boma kumakhala kochedwa.
Zingatenge zaka zingapo kapena kuposerapo kuti bungwe limalize kafukufuku wofunikira kuti lipereke lamulo. Pempholo liyenera kuthana ndi zopinga lisanamalizidwe. Komabe, zoletsa zilizonse kapena zofunikira zatsopano zitha kuyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.
Chomwe chinalola mabanja kuti aletsedwe pang'ono ndi EPA mwachangu chinali chakuti bungweli linapereka lingaliroli lisanaliimitse. Koma panali zaka ziwiri ndi theka kuchokera pamene Kevin Hartley anamwalira malamulo a Environmental Protection Agency asanagwire ntchito. Ndipo saphimba ntchito zogwirira ntchito, monga ntchito yopaka bafa yomwe Kevin wazaka 21 amagwira ntchito kuntchito.
Komabe, mkati mwa bungweli pakhoza kukhala zisankho zosiyanasiyana zomwe oyang'anira osiyanasiyana angapange. Lingaliro laposachedwa la EPA, lomwe likuyembekezeka kuvomerezedwa mu Ogasiti 2024, lingaletse kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride kuntchito pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kupukuta bafa.
"Muyenera kukhala oleza mtima. Muyenera kupirira," adatero Lauren Atkins. "Pankhani ya moyo wa munthu, makamaka pankhani ya ana anu, mumapeza. Nthawi yomweyo".
Kusintha zinthu n'kovuta. Zingakhale zovuta kubweretsa kusintha chifukwa inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamukonda wapwetekedwa mtima, ngakhale kuti kungakupatseni chitonthozo chomwe palibe wina aliyense angachipeze.
“Konzani matanga, chifukwa izi zidzakhala tsoka la maganizo,” akuchenjeza Lauren Atkins. “Anthu amandifunsa nthawi zonse, ngakhale zili zovuta komanso zokhumudwitsa, n’chifukwa chiyani ndikupitiriza kuchita izi? Yankho langa nthawi zonse lakhala ndipo lidzakhala: “Choncho simuyenera kukhala pansi.” malo anga. Choncho simuyenera kukhala pafupi nanenso.
“Mumatani mukakhala kuti mwataya theka la inu nokha? Nthawi zina ndimaganiza kuti mtima wake unasiya kugunda ndipo mtima wanga unasiya kugunda tsiku lomwelo,” iye anatero. “Koma chifukwa sindikufuna kuti anthu ena akumane ndi izi ndipo sindikufuna kuti anthu ena ataye zomwe Joshua anataya, ndicho cholinga changa. Ndili wokonzeka kuchita chilichonse chomwe chingafunike.”
Brian Wynne ali ndi maganizo ofanana ndipo amalimbikitsa zochita zina zochepetsera kupsinjika maganizo kuti zikuthandizeni kumaliza mpikisano wa marathon. Malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi ake. "Muyenera kupeza njira yothetsera kukhumudwa kwanu," adatero.
Wendy Hartley wapeza kuti kuchita zandale kumachiritsa kokha - kudzera mu chithandizo cha mabanja ena ndi zotsatira zomwe amapeza pamodzi.
Monga wopereka ziwalo za thupi, mwana wake wamwamuna anakhudza miyoyo ya ena mwachindunji. N'zosangalatsa kuona cholowa chake chikufalikira kwambiri m'masitolo ndi m'maholo aboma.
“Kevin anapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri,” analemba motero, “ndipo adzapitiriza kupulumutsa miyoyo kwa zaka zikubwerazi.”
Ngati mukuyesetsa kusintha, n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti anthu olimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu omwe amawononga ndalama kuti zinthu ziyende bwino nthawi zonse adzapambana. Koma zomwe mwakumana nazo pa moyo wanu zili ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe simungazigule.
"Ngati mukudziwa momwe mungafotokozere nkhani yanu, ndipo ndi gawo la moyo wanu, ndiye kuti mungathe kutero - ndipo mukatha kufotokoza nkhaniyo, zabwino zonse, olimbikitsa anthu," adatero Brian Wayne. "Timabwera ndi chilakolako ndi chikondi chomwe sichingafanane nacho."
Malangizo ochokera kwa Wendy Hartley: “Musaope kufotokoza zakukhosi kwanu.” Lankhulani za momwe zakukhosizi zimakhudzira inu ndi banja lanu. “Awonetseni momwe akukhudzirani kudzera m'zithunzi.”
“Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, ngati wina akananena kuti, ‘Ngati mukanakhala mukufuula mokweza, boma likanamva,’ ndikanaseka,” anatero Lauren Atkins. “Mukuganiza chiyani? Liwu limodzi lingapangitse kusiyana. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi gawo la cholowa cha mwana wanga.”
Jamie Smith Hopkins ndi mtolankhani wa Center for Public Integrity, chipinda chofalitsa nkhani chopanda phindu chomwe chimafufuza za kusalingana.