Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa mogwirizana ndi Center for Public Integrity, chipinda chofalitsa nkhani chopanda phindu chomwe chimafufuza za kusalingana.
bafa. layer. njinga. Kevin Hartley, Drew Wynn, ndi Joshua Atkins anali kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamene anamwalira pasanathe miyezi 10, koma chifukwa chofupikitsa miyoyo yawo chinali chomwecho: mankhwala opangidwa mu utoto wothira utoto ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo m'dziko lonselo.
Chifukwa cha chisoni ndi mantha awo, banjali linalumbira kuchita zonse zomwe lingathe kuti methylene chloride isaphenso.
Koma ku US, komwe kuli mbiri yosakhazikika ya chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndi ogula, modabwitsa, mankhwala ochepa okha ndi omwe adakumana ndi vutoli. Umu ndi momwe methylene chloride idakhalira wakupha kwambiri, ngakhale kuti panali machenjezo okhudza kuopsa kwa utsi wake kalekale Hartley, Wynn, ndi Atkins asanabadwe. Anthu ambiri, ngati si ambiri, aphedwa m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi popanda kulowererapo kwa bungwe lililonse.
Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Center for Public Integrity ndi zopempha kuchokera kwa olimbikitsa chitetezo, bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency pamapeto pake linapereka lingaliro loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'zochotsa utoto.
Unali Januwale 2017, masiku omaliza a ulamuliro wa Obama. Hartley anamwalira mu Epulo chaka chimenecho, Wynn mu Okutobala chaka chimenecho, Atkins mu February chaka chotsatira chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa ulamuliro wa Trump, ndipo ulamuliro wa Trump ukufuna kusiya malamulowo, osati kuwawonjezera, makamaka ku Environmental Protection Agency. Cholinga cha methylene chloride sichinatheke.
Komabe, patatha miyezi 13 Atkins atamwalira, bungwe la Trump Environmental Protection Agency, lomwe linali litakakamizidwa, linaganiza zosiya kugulitsa mankhwala opaka utoto okhala ndi methylene chloride m'masitolo. Mu Epulo, bungwe la Biden la Environmental Protection Agency linapereka lingaliro loletsa mankhwalawo pazinthu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu komanso malo ambiri ogwirira ntchito.
“Sitichita izi kawirikawiri ku US,” anatero Dr. Robert Harrison, pulofesa wa zachipatala wa ntchito ndi mankhwala oteteza chilengedwe ku University of California, San Francisco. “Mabanja awa ndi ngwazi zanga.”
Umu ndi momwe amagonjetsera mwayi wopeza zotsatirazi, ndi upangiri wawo ngati muli panjira yovuta yomweyi, kaya vutolo likukhudza zinthu zoopsa, malo osatetezeka ogwirira ntchito, kuipitsa chilengedwe, kapena zoopsa zina.
"Onetsani chilichonse pa Google," anatero Brian Wynn, yemwe mchimwene wake Drew wazaka 31 anagula dichloromethane kuti akonzenso shopu yake ya khofi yozizira ku South Carolina. "Ndipo chikoka kwa anthu."
Umu ndi momwe adadziwira za kafukufuku wa anthu onse yemwe adafalitsidwa zaka ziwiri mchimwene wake asanamwalire, kulankhulana ndi akatswiri ndikuphunzira chilichonse kuyambira komwe angagule zakudya mpaka chifukwa chake imfa izi zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza. (Utsi wa methylene chloride ndi woopsa ukasonkhana m'nyumba, ndipo kuthekera kwawo kuyambitsa matenda a mtima kumaoneka ngati imfa yachilengedwe ngati palibe amene achita mayeso a poizoni.)
Malangizo ochokera kwa amayi ake a Kevin, Wendy Hartley: “Maphunziro” ndi mawu ofunikira pakufufuza. Pakhoza kukhala kafukufuku wambiri amene akukuyembekezerani. “Izi zithandiza kulekanitsa maganizo ndi zoona,” analemba choncho mu imelo.
Lauren Atkins, mayi ake a Joshua, wazaka 31, yemwe anamwalira akuyesera kukonza foloko yakutsogolo ya njinga yake ya BMX, adalankhula ndi UCSF Harrison kangapo. Mu February 2018, adapeza mwana wake wamwamuna atafa ali pafupi ndi chidebe cha lita imodzi ya utoto.
Chidziwitso cha Harrison cha methylene chloride chinamuthandiza kumasulira malipoti a poizoni ndi ofufuza za imfa ya mwana wake kukhala chifukwa chenicheni cha imfa. Kumveka bwino kumeneku ndi maziko olimba a kuchitapo kanthu.
Kawirikawiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumachedwetsa kuvulaza anthu, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo omwe sangawonekere kwa zaka zambiri. Nkhani yokhudza kuipitsa mpweya ingakhale yofanana. Koma kafukufuku wamaphunziro akadali poyambira bwino ngati mukufuna kuti maboma achitepo kanthu pa zoopsazi.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chawapangitsa kuti apambane ndichakuti mabanjawa amagwirizana ndi magulu omwe akugwira kale ntchito yoteteza mankhwala ndipo amagwirizana.
Mwachitsanzo, Lauren Atkins adapeza pempho pa Change.org lokhudza zinthu za methylene chloride kuchokera ku gulu lolimbikitsa la Safer Chemicals Healthy Families, lomwe tsopano ndi gawo la Toxin-Free Future, ndipo adasaina polemekeza mwana wake wamwamuna yemwe anamwalira posachedwapa. Brian Wynn anatambasula dzanja lake mwachangu.
Kugwirira ntchito limodzi kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo. Popeza EPA sinachitepo kanthu, mabanja awa safunika kuyambanso kukakamiza ogulitsa kuti achotse zinthu m'mashelefu awo: Safer Chemicals Healthy Families idayambitsa kampeni ya "Think Store" poyankha madandaulo otere.
Ndipo safunikira kudziwa momwe malamulo a m'madipatimenti kapena kukakamiza anthu kuti alowerere ku Capitol Hill okha. Safer Chemicals Healthy Families ndi Environmental Defense Fund ali ndi luso pankhaniyi.
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"Mukatha kupanga gulu ngati ili ... muli ndi mphamvu zenizeni," adatero Brian Wynn, ponena za Natural Resources Defense Council, gulu lina lomwe likugwira ntchito pankhaniyi.
Si aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhondoyi amene angachite nawo mbali pagulu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu osamukira kudziko lina omwe alibe chilolezo chovomerezeka chokhazikika ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ngozi kuntchito, ndipo kusowa chilolezo kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kapena zosatheka kuti alankhule.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ngati mabanjawa aika chidwi chawo chonse pa Environmental Protection Agency, bungweli likhoza kukhala losagwira ntchito, makamaka panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Trump.
Kudzera mu Mind the Store, akupempha ogulitsa kuti apulumutse miyoyo posagulitsa zotsukira utoto zokhala ndi methylene chloride. Mapempho ndi ziwonetsero zinagwira ntchito. Limodzi ndi limodzi, makampani monga Home Depot ndi Walmart adagwirizana kuti asiye.
Kudzera mu Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families ndi Environmental Defense Fund, akupempha mamembala a Congress kuti achitepo kanthu. Anapita ku Washington ndi chithunzi cha banja lawo. Analankhula ndi atolankhani, ndipo nkhani zomwe zinawakhudza zinawalimbikitsa kwambiri.
Maseneta ochokera ku South Carolina ndi membala m'modzi wa Congress adalembera kalata Scott Pruitt, yemwe panthawiyo anali woyang'anira Environmental Protection Agency. Wina membala wa Congress adapempha Pruitt kuti asiye kukambirana nkhaniyi panthawi ya msonkhano wa Epulo 2018. Zonsezi, malinga ndi Brian Wynn, zinathandiza mabanja kukonzekera msonkhano ndi Pruitt mu Meyi 2018.
"Achitetezo adadabwa chifukwa palibe amene adapita kukamuona," adatero Brian Wynn. "Zili ngati kukumana ndi Oz wamkulu komanso wamphamvu."
Paulendo wawo, mabanja adapita kukhothi. Anagwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kuchenjeza anthu kuti asadziike pachiwopsezo. Lauren Atkins anapita ku sitolo yogulitsa zida kuti akaone ngati adachitadi zomwe adanena kuti akuchita kuti achotse zinthu za methylene chloride m'mashelefu. (Nthawi zina inde, nthawi zina ayi.)
Ngati zonsezi zikumveka ngati zosasangalatsa, simukulakwitsa. Koma mabanjawo adafotokoza momveka bwino zomwe zingachitike ngati salowererapo.
"Palibe chomwe chidzachitike," anatero Lauren Atkins, "monga palibe chomwe chachitikapo kale."
Kupambana pang'ono kumachulukirachulukira. Chinthu chimodzi chimatsogolera ku china pamene banja silikusiya. Nthawi zambiri pamafunika mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali: kupanga malamulo aboma kumachitika pang'onopang'ono.
Zingatenge zaka zingapo kapena kuposerapo kuti bungweli limalize kafukufuku wofunikira kuti lipange lamulo. Cholingacho chinayenera kudutsa zopinga chisanathe. Komabe, zoletsa zilizonse kapena zofunikira zatsopano zitha kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.
Chomwe chinathandiza mabanja kuti alandire chiletso cha EPA mwachangu n’chakuti bungweli linatulutsa lingalirolo lisanaliike patali. Koma chiletso cha EPA sichinayambe kugwira ntchito mpaka patatha zaka 2.5 kuchokera pamene Kevin Hartley anamwalira. Ndipo saphimba kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogwirira ntchito - monga Kevin wazaka 21 akusewera ndi bafa kuntchito.
Komabe, bungweli lingapange zisankho zosiyanasiyana kutengera amene ali ndi udindo. Lingaliro laposachedwa la EPA, lomwe likukonzekera mu Ogasiti 2024, lingaletse kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride m'malo ambiri ogwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo kukonzanso bafa.
“Muyenera kukhala oleza mtima. Muyenera kukhala olimbikira,” akutero Lauren Atkins. “Zikachitika m'moyo wa munthu, makamaka pamene ndi ana anu, mumapeza kuti zikuchitika. Zikuchitika pakali pano.”
Kusintha zinthu n'kovuta. Kufunafuna kusintha chifukwa chakuti inuyo kapena wokondedwa wanu mwavulala kungakhale kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kungakupatseni chitonthozo chomwe palibe wina aliyense angachipeze.
Lauren Atkins akuchenjeza kuti: “Anthu nthawi zonse amandifunsa chifukwa chake ndikupitiriza kuchita izi, ngakhale kuti zimakhala zovuta komanso zokhumudwitsa? Yankho langa nthawi zonse lakhala ndipo lidzakhala: “Choncho simuyenera kukhala m'malo mwanga. Sindiyenera kukhala komwe ndili.”
“Mumamva bwanji mukataya theka la moyo wanu? Nthawi zina ndimaona ngati mtima wake unayima tsiku lomwelo ndi wanga,” iye anatero. “Koma popeza sindikufuna kuti wina aliyense akumane ndi izi, sindikufuna kuti wina aliyense ataye zomwe Joshua adataya, ndipo ndicho cholinga changa. Ndili wokonzeka kuchita chilichonse chomwe chingafunike.”
Brian Wynn, yemwenso ali ndi chidwi chofanana, akupereka gawo lochepetsa nkhawa kuti likuthandizeni kumaliza marathon yanu. Malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi ake. "Muyenera kupeza njira yotulutsira malingaliro anu," adatero.
Wendy Hartley amakhulupirira kuti kuchita zandale kumachiritsa kokha kudzera mu chithandizo cha mabanja ena ndi zotsatira zomwe amapeza pamodzi.
Monga wopereka ziwalo za thupi, mwana wake wamwamuna anakhudza miyoyo ya ena mwachindunji. N'zosangalatsa kuona cholowa chake chikufalikira m'masitolo ndi m'maofesi aboma.
“Kevin wapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri,” iye analemba, “ndipo apitiliza kupulumutsa miyoyo kwa zaka zikubwerazi.”
Ngati mukukakamiza kusintha, n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti anthu olimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu omwe amalipira kuti zinthu ziyende bwino nthawi zonse adzapambana. Koma zomwe mwakumana nazo pa moyo wanu zili ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe simungazigule.
"Ngati mukudziwa momwe mungafotokozere nkhani yanu, ndiye kuti ndi gawo la moyo wanu, ndiye kuti mutha kutero - ndipo mukatha kufotokoza nkhaniyo, zabwino zonse kwa inu, wolimbikitsa anthu," adatero Brian Wayne. "Tinabwera ndi chilakolako ndi chikondi chomwe sichingafanane nacho."
Uphungu wa Wendy Hartley: “Musaope kusonyeza momwe mukumvera.” Lankhulani za momwe zinthu zingakukhudzireni inu ndi banja lanu. “Awonetseni momwe zithunzi zingakukhudzireni.”
“Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, ngati wina akanati, ‘Ngati mufuula mokweza chonchi, boma lidzakumverani,’ ndikanaseka,” anatero Lauren Atkins. “Mukuganiza chiyani? Voti imodzi ingapangitse kusiyana. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi gawo la cholowa cha mwana wanga.”
Jamie Smith Hopkins ndi mtolankhani wa Center for Public Integrity, chipinda chofalitsa nkhani chopanda phindu chomwe chimafufuza za kusalingana.