Mchere wofalikira kwambiri m'nthaka, α-iron-(III) oxyhydroxide, unapezeka kuti ndi chothandizira kubwezeretsanso mphamvu ya carbon dioxide kukhala formic acid. Chithunzi: Pulofesa Kazuhiko Maeda
Kuchepetsa kwa CO2 kukhala mafuta onyamulika monga formic acid (HCOOH) ndi njira yabwino yolimbana ndi kukwera kwa CO2 mumlengalenga. Pofuna kuthandiza pa ntchitoyi, gulu lofufuza ku Tokyo Institute of Technology linasankha mchere wopezeka mosavuta wochokera kuchitsulo ndikuwuyika pa alumina yothandizira kuti apange chothandizira chomwe chingasinthe CO2 kukhala HCOOH bwino, pafupifupi 90% kusankha!
Magalimoto amagetsi ndi njira yosangalatsa kwa anthu ambiri, ndipo chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti alibe mpweya woipa wa carbon. Komabe, vuto lalikulu kwa ambiri ndi kusowa kwawo kwa mtunda wautali komanso nthawi yayitali yochaja. Apa ndi pomwe mafuta amadzimadzi monga mafuta ali ndi ubwino waukulu. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo kumatanthauza mtunda wautali komanso kudzaza mafuta mwachangu.
Kusintha kuchoka pa mafuta kapena dizilo kupita ku mafuta ena amadzimadzi kumatha kuchotsa mpweya woipa wa kaboni pamene kukupitirizabe ubwino wa mafuta amadzimadzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu selo yamafuta, formic acid imatha kuyambitsa injini pamene imatulutsa madzi ndi carbon dioxide. Komabe, ngati formic acid imapangidwa pochepetsa CO2 ya mumlengalenga kukhala HCOOH, ndiye kuti mphamvu yokhayo ndi madzi.
Kukwera kwa mpweya wa carbon dioxide mumlengalenga mwathu ndi momwe zimathandizira kutentha kwa dziko lapansi tsopano ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino. Pamene ofufuza ankayesa njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera vutoli, yankho lothandiza linapezeka—kusintha mpweya wa carbon dioxide wochuluka mumlengalenga kukhala mankhwala okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Kupanga mafuta monga formic acid (HCOOH) mwa kuchepetsa CO2 padzuwa kwakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri posachedwapa chifukwa njirayi ili ndi phindu lalikulu kawiri: imachepetsa mpweya wochuluka wa CO2 komanso imathandizanso kuchepetsa kusowa kwa mphamvu zomwe tikukumana nazo panopa. Monga chonyamulira chabwino kwambiri cha haidrojeni yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, HCOOH imatha kupereka mphamvu kudzera mu kuyaka pomwe imatulutsa madzi okha ngati chinthu chowonjezera.
Kuti apeze njira yopindulitsa imeneyi, asayansi apanga njira zowunikira kuwala zomwe zimachepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa. Njirayi ili ndi gawo loyamwa kuwala (monga, photosensitizer) ndi chothandizira chomwe chimalola kusamutsa ma elekitironi ambiri ofunikira kuti CO2 ichepetse ku HCOOH. Ndipo motero anayamba kufunafuna ma catalyst oyenera komanso ogwira ntchito!
Kuchepetsa mpweya woipa pogwiritsa ntchito infographics zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chithunzi: Pulofesa Kazuhiko Maeda
Chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuthekera kwawo kubwezeretsanso, ma catalyst olimba amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri pantchitoyi, ndipo pazaka zambiri, mphamvu zoyambitsa za ma cobalt, manganese, nickel ndi ma frameworks ambiri achitsulo-organic (MOFs) zafufuzidwa, zomwe zachiwirizi zili ndi ubwino wina kuposa zitsulo zina. Komabe, ma catalyst ambiri opangidwa ndi chitsulo omwe anenedwa mpaka pano amapanga carbon monoxide ngati chinthu chachikulu, osati HCOOH.
Komabe, vutoli linathetsedwa mwachangu ndi gulu la ofufuza ku Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) lotsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Kazuhiko Maeda. Mu kafukufuku waposachedwa womwe unafalitsidwa mu magazini ya mankhwala ya Angewandte Chemie, gululi linawonetsa chothandizira cha alumina (Al2O3) chothandizidwa ndi chitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito α-iron(III) oxyhydroxide (α-FeO​​​ OH; geothite). Chothandizira chatsopano cha α-FeO​​OH/Al2O3 chikuwonetsa bwino kwambiri kusintha kwa CO2 kupita ku HCOOH komanso kubwezeretsanso bwino kwambiri. Atafunsidwa za kusankha kwawo chothandizira, Pulofesa Maeda anati: "Tikufuna kufufuza zinthu zambiri monga zothandizila mu njira zochepetsera kuwala kwa CO2. Tikufuna chothandizila cholimba chomwe chimagwira ntchito, chobwezerezedwanso, chopanda poizoni komanso chotsika mtengo. Ndicho chifukwa chake tinasankha mchere wofalikira kwambiri m'nthaka monga goethite pakuyesera kwathu."
Gululo linagwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta yopangira chothandizira chawo. Kenako anagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za Al2O3 zothandizidwa ndi chitsulo kuti achepetse CO2 kutentha kwa chipinda pamaso pa chowunikira cha ruthenium-based (Ru), chopereka ma electron, ndi kuwala kooneka ndi mafunde opitilira 400 nanometers.
Zotsatira zake n’zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Kusankha kwa makina awo pa chinthu chachikulu cha HCOOH kunali 80–90% ndi phindu la quantum la 4.3% (kusonyeza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makinawo).
Kafukufukuyu akupereka chothandizira choyamba cha mtundu wake chochokera ku chitsulo chomwe chingapangitse HCOOH ikaphatikizidwa ndi chothandizira kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ikufotokozanso kufunika kwa zinthu zothandizira zoyenera (Al2O3) ndi momwe zimakhudzira momwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa.
"Kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti njira yopezera mphamvu zobiriwira si yovuta. Ngakhale njira zosavuta zokonzekera mphamvu zitha kupereka zotsatira zabwino, ndipo ndizodziwika bwino kuti mankhwala okhala ndi nthaka yochuluka, ngati atathandizidwa ndi mankhwala monga alumina, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira chosankha chochepetsera CO2," akutero Pulofesa Maeda.
Maumboni: "Alumina-Supported Alpha-Iron (III) Oxyhydroxide monga Recyclable Solid Catalyst for CO2 Photoreduction under Visible Light" ndi Daehyeon An, Dr. Shunta Nishioka, Dr. Shuhei Yasuda, Dr. Tomoki Kanazawa, Dr. Yoshinobu Kamakura, Prof. Yoshinobu Kamakura, Prof. Kazuhiko Maeda, 12 May 2022, Angewandte Chemie.DOI: 10.1002 / anie.202204948
"Apa ndi pomwe mafuta amadzimadzi monga mafuta ali ndi ubwino waukulu. Mphamvu zawo zambiri zimatanthauza kuti zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali komanso kudzaza mafuta mwachangu."
Nanga bwanji manambala ena? Kodi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya formic acid kumafanana bwanji ndi mafuta? Ndi atomu imodzi yokha ya kaboni mu fomula ya mankhwala, ndikukayika kuti ingafanane ndi mafuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, fungo lake ndi loopsa kwambiri ndipo, monga asidi, limawononga kwambiri kuposa mafuta. Izi si mavuto osatheka kuthetsedwa aukadaulo, koma pokhapokha ngati formic acid ikupereka ubwino waukulu pakuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yodzaza mafuta m'mabatire, mwina sizoyenera kuyesetsa.
Ngati akanakonza zochotsa goethite m'nthaka, ikanakhala ntchito yofukula migodi yomwe imafuna mphamvu zambiri ndipo ikanawononga chilengedwe.
Angatchule za goethite zambiri m'nthaka chifukwa ndikuganiza kuti zingafunike mphamvu zambiri kuti mupeze zinthu zofunikira ndikuzisintha kuti zipange goethite.
Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana moyo wonse wa ndondomekoyi ndikuwerengera mtengo wa mphamvu ya chilichonse. NASA sinapeze chinthu chonga kutulutsidwa kwaulere. Ena ayenera kukumbukira izi.
SciTechDaily: Tsamba loyambira nkhani zabwino kwambiri zaukadaulo kuyambira 1998. Pitirizani kudziwa nkhani zaposachedwa zaukadaulo kudzera pa imelo kapena malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
Kungoganizira za kukoma kwa utsi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa za BBQ ndikokwanira kupangitsa anthu ambiri kutulutsa madzi. Chilimwe chafika, ndipo kwa ambiri…