Majini omwe amagwira ntchito pakugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo chamthupi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka muubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena amitsempha ndi amisala, kuphatikizapo autism, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano wa zitsanzo zikwizikwi za ubongo zomwe zapezeka pambuyo pa imfa.
Mwa majini 1,275 oteteza thupi omwe adafufuzidwa, 765 (60%) adawonetsedwa mopitirira muyeso kapena motsika muubongo wa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi vuto limodzi mwa asanu ndi limodzi: autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, Alzheimer's disease, kapena Parkinson's disease. Maonekedwe awa amasiyana malinga ndi nkhani, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti chilichonse chili ndi "zizindikiro" zapadera, anatero wofufuza wamkulu Chunyu Liu, pulofesa wa matenda amisala ndi khalidwe ku Northern State Medical University ku Syracuse, New York.
Malinga ndi Liu, kuonekera kwa majini oteteza thupi kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha kutupa. Kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumeneku, makamaka m'mimba, kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi autism, ngakhale kuti njira yomwe imachitika sizikudziwika bwino.
"Ndikuganiza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa matenda a muubongo," adatero Liu. "Ndi wosewera wamkulu."
Christopher Coe, pulofesa wopuma pantchito wa zamaganizo a zamoyo ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Madison, yemwe sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu, anati sizingatheke kumvetsetsa kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu ngati kuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi kumachita gawo pakuyambitsa matenda aliwonse kapena matendawo okha. Izi zinapangitsa kusintha kwa kuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi.
Liu ndi gulu lake adasanthula kuchuluka kwa majini 1,275 oteteza thupi m'magawo 2,467 a ubongo omwe adapezeka pambuyo pa imfa, kuphatikizapo anthu 103 omwe ali ndi autism ndi anthu 1,178 owongolera. Deta idapezeka kuchokera ku ma database awiri a transcriptome, ArrayExpress ndi Gene Expression Omnibus, komanso kuchokera ku maphunziro ena omwe adasindikizidwa kale.
Mlingo wapakati wa majini 275 mu ubongo wa odwala autism umasiyana ndi womwe uli m'gulu lolamulira; Ubongo wa odwala Alzheimer uli ndi majini 638 omwe amafotokozedwa mosiyana, kutsatiridwa ndi schizophrenia (220), Parkinson (97), bipolar (58), ndi kuvutika maganizo (27).
Kuchuluka kwa mawu m'thupi kunali kosiyana kwambiri mwa amuna omwe ali ndi autism kuposa akazi omwe ali ndi autism, ndipo ubongo wa akazi omwe ali ndi autism unali wosiyana kwambiri ndi wa amuna omwe ali ndi autism. Matenda anayi otsalawo sanasonyeze kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
Mafotokozedwe ogwirizana ndi autism amafanana kwambiri ndi matenda amitsempha monga Alzheimer's ndi Parkinson's kuposa matenda ena amisala. Malinga ndi tanthauzo, matenda amitsempha ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe odziwika bwino a ubongo, monga kutayika kwa ma dopaminergic neurons mu matenda a Parkinson. Ofufuza sanafotokozebe mawonekedwe awa a autism.
"[Kufanana] kumeneku kumangopereka malangizo ena omwe tiyenera kufufuza," adatero Liu. "Mwina tsiku lina tidzamvetsa bwino matenda a matenda."
Majini awiri, CRH ndi TAC1, nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa m'matendawa: CRH inachepetsedwa m'matenda onse kupatula matenda a Parkinson, ndipo TAC1 inachepetsedwa m'matenda onse kupatula kuvutika maganizo. Majini onsewa amakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa microglia, maselo oteteza thupi ku ubongo.
Coe anati kuyambitsa kwa microglia kosazolowereka kungathe "kusokoneza neurogenesis yabwinobwino ndi synaptogenesis," zomwe zimasokonezanso ntchito ya mitsempha pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.
Kafukufuku wa mu 2018 wa minofu ya ubongo pambuyo pa imfa adapeza kuti majini okhudzana ndi astrocytes ndi ntchito ya synaptic amawonetsedwa mofanana mwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism, schizophrenia, kapena bipolar disorder. Koma kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti majini a microglial amawonetsedwa mopitirira muyeso mwa odwala omwe ali ndi autism.
Anthu omwe ali ndi majini ambiri oteteza thupi ku matenda a shuga akhoza kukhala ndi "matenda otupa a mitsempha," anatero Michael Benros, mtsogoleri wa kafukufukuyu komanso pulofesa wa zamaganizo a zamoyo komanso molondola ku University of Copenhagen ku Denmark, yemwe sanachite nawo ntchitoyi.
"Zingakhale zosangalatsa kuyesa kuzindikira magulu ang'onoang'ono awa ndikuwapatsa chithandizo chapadera," adatero Benroth.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa mafotokozedwe komwe kumawoneka mu zitsanzo za minofu ya ubongo sikunapezeke mu deta ya machitidwe a majini m'magazi ochokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwewo. Kupeza "kosayembekezereka" kukuwonetsa kufunika kophunzira kapangidwe ka ubongo, anatero Cynthia Schumann, pulofesa wa matenda amisala ndi machitidwe ku MIND Institute ku UC Davis, yemwe sanali nawo mu kafukufukuyu.
Liu ndi gulu lake akupanga zitsanzo za maselo kuti amvetse bwino ngati kutupa ndi komwe kumayambitsa matenda a muubongo.
Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa koyamba pa Spectrum, tsamba lotsogola la nkhani zofufuza za autism. Tchulani nkhaniyi: https://doi.org/10.53053/UWCJ7407