Pa Meyi 3, 2023, EPA idapereka lamulo la Gawo 6 (a) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) loletsa kuletsa kupanga, kulowetsa, kukonza, kugawa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane. zosungunulira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ogula ndi malonda ntchito. Ili ndi lamulo loyamba la EPA lomwe likufuna kuyang'anira zoopsa kuyambira pomwe lidasindikiza tanthauzo lachiwopsezo chaka chatha kutengera "njira yake yamankhwala onse" komanso mfundo yomwe ikufuna kuti ogwira ntchito asamavale zida zodzitetezera (PPE). . Zikuwonetsanso kukulitsa kwakukulu kwa zoletsa zoletsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumankhwala omwe ali kale ndi zoletsa zowongolera zoopsa za TSCA, ngakhale zoletsazo zinali zoletsa kwambiri pansi pa ndondomeko yam'mbuyomu ya EPA yoyang'anira zoopsa.
EPA ikufuna kuletsa kupanga malonda, kukonza ndi kugawa dichloromethane ntchito zapakhomo; kuletsa ntchito zambiri zamakampani ndi zamalonda za dichloromethane; imafuna kuti ndondomeko yoteteza malo ogwirira ntchito (WCPP) yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadera (WCPP) ikhalebe ikugwira ntchito ndikupereka anthu osaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa malinga ndi Gawo 6 (g) la TSCA pakugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride yomwe ingawononge kwambiri chitetezo cha dziko komanso zida zofunika kwambiri. Okhudzidwa ali ndi mpaka pa Julayi 3, 2023 kuti apereke ndemanga pa lamuloli.
Pokonza njira zoyendetsera ngozi za dichloromethane, EPA idapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mobwerezabwereza kwa ogula, malonda, ndi mafakitale kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu, makamaka kuletsa, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Gulu 3 la lamuloli. Zambiri mwazinthu zogwiritsira ntchito izi zimaphatikizapo, koma sizimangokhala, ntchito ya mafakitale ndi malonda a methylene chloride kuyeretsa zosungunulira, utoto ndi zokutira (ndi kutsuka), kutulutsa mpweya, zomatira, zosindikizira, zosindikizira, nsalu ndi nsalu, ndi zinthu zosamalira magalimoto. , mafuta odzola ndi mafuta, kutsekereza mapaipi, kubowola mafuta ndi gasi, zoseweretsa, zida zamasewera ndi masewera, ndi zinthu zapulasitiki ndi mphira. EPA yatsimikizanso kuti ntchito zonse zoyesedwa za dichloromethane ziyenera kuletsedwa.
EPA imati zofuna za pempholi zimaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito akauntiyo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zonse zomwe zimapangidwa pachaka (TSCA ndi kugwiritsa ntchito osagwiritsa ntchito TSCA) za methylene chloride zopangidwa, "kusiya masheya okwanira kuti apereke gwero lomwe EPA ikufuna kulola." kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito Ntchito zovuta izi kapena zoyambira ndikupyolera mu Critical Use Exemption kapena WCPP.
EPA ikapeza kuti chinthu china chili ndi chiwopsezo chowopsa ku thanzi la munthu kapena chilengedwe pakuwunika kwake kwa chiwopsezo, iyenera kupereka malingaliro owongolera zoopsa momwe zingafunikire kuti chinthucho chisakhalenso ndi zoopsa zotere. Poika malamulo oletsa kuwopsa kwa mankhwala, EPA ikuyenera kuganiziranso momwe lamuloli likukhudzira zachuma, kuphatikiza ndalama ndi mapindu, kutsika mtengo, komanso momwe lamuloli lingakhudzire chuma, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, ndi luso laukadaulo. Ngati chinthucho chiletsedwe Mwaukadaulo komanso mwachuma Njira zina zopezera ndalama zilipo.
EPA ikupereka zoletsa zotsatirazi pakugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride ndi masiku ake ogwira ntchito:
EPA yakhazikitsanso zidziwitso ndi zosunga zolembera zamakampani omwe amapereka methylene chloride kwa makasitomala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane kuchotsa utoto ndi zokutira kuti anthu agwiritse ntchito sikunaphatikizidwe mu chiletso ichi, chifukwa kugwiritsidwa ntchitoku kudakhazikitsidwa kale ndi lamulo laposachedwa la EPA loyang'anira ngozi lomwe linaperekedwa mu 2019, lomwe lalembedwa mu 40 CFR § 751.101.
Ndime 6(g) ya TSCA imalola EPA kukhululukidwa njira zina pazofunikira za lamulo loyang'anira zoopsa pazantchito zovuta kapena zofunikira zomwe EPA ikuwona kuti zilipo. Imalolezanso kusiya ngati EPA iwona kuti kutsatira izi kungawononge kwambiri chuma cha dziko, chitetezo cha dziko, kapena zida zofunika kwambiri. Bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency limalimbikitsa kuti musagwiritse ntchito methylene chloride pazochitika zotsatirazi:
EPA's WCPP yomwe akufuna kuti agwiritse ntchito dichloromethane mololedwa ikuphatikizapo zofunikira zonse zotetezera ogwira ntchito kuti asatengeke, kuphatikizapo chitetezo cha kupuma, kugwiritsa ntchito PPE, kuyang'anitsitsa, kuphunzitsa, ndi madera olamulidwa. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti EPA yanena kuti pali malire a mankhwala omwe alipo (ECEL) a mpweya wa methylene chloride pamwamba pa magawo awiri pa milioni (ppm) kutengera chiwerengero cha maola 8 (TWA), chomwe ndi chotsika kwambiri kuposa OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) ya dichloromethane ndi 25 ppm. Mulingo womwe akuyembekezeredwa ukhala theka la mtengo wa ECEL, zomwe zingayambitse ntchito zina zowunikira kuti ogwira ntchito asawonetsedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa ECEL. EPA imalimbikitsanso kukhazikitsa malire a nthawi yochepa (EPA STEL) a 16 ppm pa nthawi ya sampuli ya mphindi 15.
M'malo moletsa, EPA ikupereka zofunikira kuti ziteteze ogwira ntchito pamikhalidwe iyi:
Kukonza: Monga reagent. Dziwani kuti EPA imalola kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchitoku kupitirire pansi pa WCPP chifukwa ikuwona kuti dichloromethane yambiri imasinthidwanso kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga HFC-32. HFC-32 ndi imodzi mwazinthu zolamulidwa ndi American Innovation and Manufacturing Act (AIM Act) ya 2020. EPA ikuyembekeza kuti povomereza HFC-32, kupanga malamulo kumeneku sikungalepheretse kuyesa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mankhwala omwe angakhalepo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kapena malonda pochotsa utoto ndi zokutira pazida zomwe zili ndi chitetezo, ndege zomwe zimatha kuwononga dzimbiri ndi zida zapamlengalenga zomwe zili kapena zoyendetsedwa ndi US Department of Defense, NASA, Homeland Security, ndi Federal Aviation Administration, bungwe, kapena bungwe lochita makontrakitala m'malo, motsogozedwa ndi bungwe kapena kontrakitala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kapena malonda ngati zomatira za acrylic ndi polycarbonate m'magalimoto ofunikira kwambiri ankhondo ndi mlengalenga, kuphatikiza kupanga mabatire apadera kapena makontrakitala abungwe.
Omwe akupanga, kukonza, kugawa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride m'malo aliwonse omwe amawunikidwa ndi EPA atha kukhala ndi chidwi chopereka ndemanga pazambiri zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale. Omwe ali ndi chidwi atha kuganizira zothandizira ku EPA m'magawo otsatirawa:
Kuyang'ana Njira Yoyendetsera Chiwopsezo pa Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito: Omwe akukhudzidwa angafune kuwunika ngati zomwe akufuna pakuwongolera zoopsa pamtundu uliwonse wakugwiritsa ntchito zikugwirizana ndi kuyesa kwa chiwopsezo cha EPA cha methylene chloride pamtundu uliwonse wogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi EPA. ™ Mphamvu zamalamulo pansi pa Gawo 6 la TSCA. Mwachitsanzo, ngati EPA ipeza kuti kukhudzana ndi khungu ku methylene chloride pansi pazifukwa zina zogwiritsira ntchito kumabweretsa chiopsezo chosaneneka, ndipo ngati EPA imafuna zambiri kuposa chitetezo cha khungu kuti chichepetse chiopsezo, okhudzidwa angafune kuyesa kuyenerera kwa zofunikira zowonjezera zoterezi. .
Mitengo: EPA ikuyerekeza ndalama zowonjezereka zosatseka zomwe zikugwirizana ndi lamuloli pa $13.2 miliyoni pazaka 20 pamtengo wochotsera 3% ndi $14.5 miliyoni pazaka 20 pamtengo wochotsera 7%. Omwe akukhudzidwa angafune kuona ngati ndalama zomwe zikuyembekezeredwazi zikukhudza mbali zonse za kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamuloli, kuphatikizapo mtengo wokonzanso (kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito) kapena kutsata zikhalidwe za WCPP kuti apitirize kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo kutsatira ECEL 2 ppm.
Zofunikira za WCPP: Pamikhalidwe yogwiritsiridwa ntchito yomwe EPA ikufuna kuletsa, okhudzidwa atha kuwona ngati ali ndi data yothandizira kutsata kwa WCPP yomwe ingachepetse kukhudzidwa m'malo moletsa (makamaka pamikhalidwe yogwiritsiridwa ntchito pomwe EPA ikufuna WCPP ngati njira ina yoyambira, yomwe ikuperekedwa mulamulo lomwe likukonzedwa Njira zina zoletsa kuletsa kwa WCPP komanso kuletsa zofuna za WC ganizirani kutsata muyezo wa OSHA wa methylene chloride.
Nthawi: Okhudzidwawo angaone ngati ndondomeko yoletsa yomwe akufunsidwayo ndi yotheka ndipo ntchito zina ndizoyenera kuganiziridwa kuti asamagwiritse ntchito nthawi yochepa kwambiri malinga ndi malamulo ovomerezeka kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito movutikira.
Njira zina: Omwe akutenga nawo mbali atha kuyankhapo ndemanga pa kuwunika kwa EPA kwa njira zina zochotsera methylene chloride ndikuwona ngati pali njira zina zothekera, zotetezeka m'malo mosintha zomwe zaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito pansi pa lamuloli.
Zochepa Zochepa: EPA yapempha mwachindunji za kuchuluka kwa malo omwe angalephereke komanso ndalama zomwe zikugwirizana nazo, ndipo imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane pansi pa zochitika zina za mafakitale ndi malonda zomwe zafotokozedwa mu lamulo lomwe likuperekedwa. EPA ikufunanso kuyankhapo ngati milingo yochepera ya methylene chloride (mwachitsanzo 0.1% kapena 0.5%) m'mapangidwe ena kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mokhazikika m'mafakitale ndi malonda akuyenera kuganiziridwa pomaliza kuletsa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi milingo iti yomwe iyenera kuonedwa ngati yocheperako.
Chitsimikizo ndi Maphunziro: M'malingaliro ake, EPA idafotokozanso kuti ikuwonanso momwe ziphaso zovomerezeka ndi zoletsa zofikira zimaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso ovomerezeka kuti awonetsetse kuti ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale okha ndi omwe angagule ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane. Okhudzidwa angafune kufotokozapo ngati mapulogalamu a certification ndi maphunziro angathandize kuchepetsa kuwonetseredwa kwa ogwira ntchito ngati njira yoyang'anira zoopsa pamikhalidwe ina yogwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikizapo mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe EPA ikufuna kuletsa.
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