Pa Meyi 3, 2023, EPA idapereka lamulo loyang'anira zoopsa la Gawo 6(a) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) lomwe limapereka zoletsa pakupanga, kutumiza kunja, kukonza, kugawa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane. dichloromethane. disolvent yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana a ogula ndi amalonda. Ili ndi lamulo loyamba loyang'anira zoopsa la EPA kuyambira pomwe idasindikiza tanthauzo losinthidwa la zoopsa chaka chatha kutengera "njira yake yatsopano ya mankhwala onse" ndi mfundo zomwe zimafuna kuti ogwira ntchito asavale zida zodzitetezera (PPE). Ikuwonetsanso kufalikira kwakukulu kwa malamulo oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali kale pansi pa zoletsa za TSCA zowongolera zoopsa, ngakhale kuti zoletsazo zinali zoletsa kwambiri pansi pa dongosolo lakale la EPA loyang'anira zoopsa.
Bungwe la EPA likufuna kuletsa kupanga, kukonza, ndi kufalitsa dichloromethane m'mabizinesi kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba; kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane m'mafakitale ndi m'mabizinesi ambiri; likufuna kuti dongosolo loteteza mankhwala pamalo ogwirira ntchito (WCPP) likhalebe logwira ntchito komanso kupereka nthawi yocheperako yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala motsatira Gawo 6(g) la TSCA pakugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha dziko ndi zomangamanga zofunika. Omwe akukhudzidwa ali ndi nthawi mpaka pa Julayi 3, 2023 kuti apereke ndemanga pa lamulo lomwe likuperekedwali.
Popereka njira zowongolera zoopsa za dichloromethane, EPA idapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza mankhwalawa pakugwiritsa ntchito anthu, mabizinesi, ndi mafakitale kumafuna njira zowongolera, makamaka kuletsa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Gome 3 la lamulo lomwe likuperekedwa. Zambiri mwa izi zikuphatikiza, koma sizimangokhala, kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride m'mafakitale ndi m'mabizinesi poyeretsa zosungunulira, utoto ndi zokutira (ndi kutsuka), kuchotsa mafuta m'nthunzi, zomatira, zomatira, zomatira, nsalu ndi nsalu, ndi zinthu zosamalira magalimoto. , mafuta ndi mafuta, zotetezera mapaipi, kuboola mafuta ndi gasi, zoseweretsa, zida zosewerera ndi zamasewera, ndi zinthu zapulasitiki ndi rabara. EPA yatsimikizanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito konse kwa dichloromethane komwe kwayesedwa ndi ogula kuyenera kuletsedwa.
EPA ikunena kuti zofunikira za pempholi zimaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kupanga konse pachaka (TSCA ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kosakhala TSCA) kwa methylene chloride yopangidwa, "kusiya masheya okwanira ozungulira kuti apereke gwero lomwe EPA ikupereka." kugwiritsa ntchito kupitiriza Kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku kofunikira kapena koyambirira kumachitika kudzera mu Critical Use Exemption kapena WCPP.
EPA ikapeza kuti chinthu china chili ndi chiopsezo chosafunikira cha kuvulaza thanzi la anthu kapena chilengedwe poyesa zoopsa zake, iyenera kupereka zofunikira pakuwongolera zoopsa mpaka pakufunika kotero kuti chinthucho chisakhalenso ndi zoopsa zotere. Poika malamulo oletsa kuwongolera zoopsa pa mankhwala, EPA iyenera kuganizira za zotsatira zachuma za lamuloli, kuphatikizapo ndalama ndi maubwino, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, komanso momwe lamuloli limakhudzira chuma, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, ndi luso laukadaulo. Ngati chinthucho chiyenera kuletsedwa Pali njira zina zodalirika komanso zodalirika pazachuma.
Bungwe la EPA likupereka malangizo otsatirawa okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride ndi masiku ake ogwirira ntchito:
EPA yakhazikitsanso zofunikira pakupereka zidziwitso ndi zolemba kwa makampani omwe amapereka methylene chloride kwa makasitomala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane kuchotsa utoto ndi zophimba kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito sikukuphatikizidwa mu chiletsochi, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku kwaphimbidwa kale ndi lamulo la EPA lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2019, lomwe lalembedwa mu 40 CFR § 751.101.
Gawo 6(g) la TSCA limalola EPA kumasula njira zina ku malamulo okhudza kayendetsedwe ka zoopsa pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri kapena zofunika zomwe EPA ikuona kuti zikupezeka. Limalolanso kuchotsera ngati EPA ikuwona kuti kutsatira lamuloli kungawononge kwambiri chuma cha dziko, chitetezo cha dziko, kapena zomangamanga zofunika kwambiri. Bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency limalimbikitsa kuchotseratu kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride m'njira zotsatirazi:
EPA yapereka WCPP yogwiritsira ntchito dichloromethane movomerezeka ikuphatikizapo zofunikira zonse zotetezera ogwira ntchito ku kuvulazidwa, kuphatikizapo chitetezo cha kupuma, kugwiritsa ntchito PPE, kuyang'anira kuvulazidwa, maphunziro, ndi madera olamulidwa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti EPA yapereka lingaliro la malire omwe alipo a chemical exposure limit (ECEL) a methylene chloride air air concentration over 2 parts per million (ppm) kutengera avareji ya nthawi ya maola 8 (TWA), yomwe ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) ya OSHA ya dichloromethane ndi 25 ppm. Mlingo womwe ukuperekedwa ungakhale theka la mtengo wa ECEL, zomwe zingayambitse zochitika zina zowunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ogwira ntchito sakumana ndi kuvulazidwa kopitilira ECEL. EPA imalimbikitsanso kukhazikitsa malire a kuwonetsa kwakanthawi kochepa (EPA STEL) a 16 ppm pa nthawi yoyeserera ya mphindi 15.
M'malo moletsa, EPA ikupereka zofunikira zotetezera antchito pansi pa mikhalidwe iyi yogwiritsira ntchito:
Kukonza: Monga reagent. Dziwani kuti EPA imalola kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku kupitiliza pansi pa WCPP chifukwa imaganiza kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa dichloromethane kumabwezeretsedwanso ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku, pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga HFC-32. HFC-32 ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimalamulidwa pansi pa American Innovation and Manufacturing Act (AIM Act) ya 2020. EPA ikuyembekeza kuti povomereza HFC-32, malamulo awa sadzalepheretsa khama lochepetsa kutentha kwa dziko lapansi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kapena malonda pochotsa utoto ndi zophimba kuchokera ku ndege zofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri komanso zinthu zamlengalenga zomwe zili kapena kuyendetsedwa ndi US Department of Defense, NASA, Homeland Security, ndi Federal Aviation Administration, bungwe, kapena bungwe lomwe limachita makontrakitala m'malo, olamulidwa ndi bungwe kapena kontrakitala wa bungwe
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kapena malonda ngati guluu wa acrylic ndi polycarbonate m'magalimoto ankhondo ndi amlengalenga ofunikira kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kupanga mabatire apadera kapena makontrakitala a bungwe.
Anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali omwe amapanga, kukonza, kugawa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride m'malo aliwonse ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe ayesedwa ndi EPA angafune kupereka ndemanga pazinthu zambiri za lamulo lokhazikitsa zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi angaganizire zopereka nawo gawo ku EPA m'magawo otsatirawa:
Kuwunika Njira Yoyang'anira Zoopsa pa Mikhalidwe Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Okhudzidwa angafune kuwunika ngati zofunikira zoyang'anira zoopsa zomwe zikuperekedwa pa mikhalidwe iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito zikugwirizana ndi kuwunika kwa chiopsezo cha methylene chloride cha EPA pa mikhalidwe iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito komanso EPA. ™ Mphamvu zovomerezeka pansi pa Gawo 6 la TSCA. Mwachitsanzo, ngati EPA ipeza kuti kuwonetsa khungu ku methylene chloride pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yogwiritsira ntchito kumabweretsa chiopsezo chosafunikira, ndipo ngati EPA ikufuna zoposa chitetezo cha khungu kuti ichepetse chiopsezocho, omwe akukhudzidwa angafune kuwunikanso kuyenerera kwa zofunikira zina zotero.
Ndalama: Bungwe la EPA likuyerekeza kuti ndalama zowonjezera zosatseka zomwe zikugwirizana ndi lamuloli ndi $13.2 miliyoni pazaka 20 pamtengo wochotsera wa 3% ndi $14.5 miliyoni pazaka 20 pamtengo wochotsera wa 7%. Okhudzidwa angafune kuwunika ngati ndalama zomwe zikuyembekezeredwazi zikuphimba mbali zonse zogwiritsira ntchito lamuloli, kuphatikiza mtengo wokonzanso (kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito) kapena kutsatira malamulo a WCPP kuti alole kugwiritsa ntchito kupitiliza, kuphatikiza kutsatira ECEL 2 ppm.
Zofunikira pa WCPP: Pazikhalidwe zogwiritsira ntchito zomwe EPA ikufuna kuletsa, anthu okhudzidwa angayang'ane ngati ali ndi deta yothandizira kutsatira malamulo a WCPP zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa chisokonezo m'malo moletsa (makamaka pazikhalidwe zogwiritsira ntchito pomwe EPA ikupereka WCPP ngati njira ina yoyamba, yomwe yaperekedwa mu lamulo lomwe likuperekedwa. Njira zina zoletsa mu Okhudzidwa angafunenso kuwunika kuthekera kwa zofunikira za WCPP ndikuganizira kutsata muyezo wa OSHA wa methylene chloride.
Nthawi: Okhudzidwa angaganizire ngati ndondomeko yoletsa yomwe ikuperekedwayi ndi yotheka ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kuli koyenera kuganiziridwa kuti achotsedwe pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika kwambiri malinga ndi malamulo a boma kuti achotsedwe pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Njira Zina: Okhudzidwa akhoza kupereka ndemanga pa kuwunika kwa EPA kwa njira zina m'malo mwa methylene chloride ndikuwona ngati pali njira zina zotsika mtengo komanso zotetezeka m'malo mosinthira ku kugwiritsa ntchito koletsedwa komwe kukuperekedwa motsatira lamuloli.
Milingo Yocheperako: Bungwe la EPA lapempha ndemanga makamaka pa chiwerengero cha malo omwe angalephereke komanso ndalama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo likuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi m'mabizinesi yomwe yatchulidwa mu lamulo lomwe likuperekedwa. Bungwe la EPA likufunanso kupereka ndemanga ngati milingo yocheperako ya methylene chloride (monga 0.1% kapena 0.5%) m'njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito m'mafakitale ndi m'mabizinesi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pomaliza kuletsa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi milingo iti yomwe iyenera kuonedwa ngati yocheperako.
Chitsimikizo ndi Maphunziro: Mu lingaliro lake, EPA inafotokoza kuti inaganiziranso momwe mapulogalamu otsimikizira ndi oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amaletsera kugwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ophunzitsidwa komanso ovomerezeka kuti atsimikizire kuti ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ena okha ndi omwe angagule ndikugwiritsa ntchito dichloromethane. Okhudzidwa angafune kupereka ndemanga ngati mapulogalamu otsimikizira ndi maphunziro angakhale othandiza pochepetsa kukhudzidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ngati njira yowongolera zoopsa pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yogwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikizapo mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe EPA ikufuna kuletsa.
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