Zotsatira za kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi gulu lochokera ku Shanghai Jiaotong University zikusonyeza kuti formic acid ndi biomarker yodziwika bwino ya mkodzo yomwe imatha kuzindikira matenda a Alzheimer's oyambirira (AD). Zomwe zapezekazi zitha kutsegulira njira yowunikira anthu ambiri yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta. Dr. Yifan Wang, Dr. Qihao Guo ndi anzake adasindikiza nkhani yotchedwa "Kuwunika Kwadongosolo kwa Formic Acid mu Mkodzo monga Chizindikiro Chatsopano cha Alzheimer's" mu Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. M'mawu awo, olembawo adatsimikiza kuti: "Formic acid mu mkodzo ili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yowunikira matenda a Alzheimer's oyambirira ... Kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's mu mkodzo ndikosavuta komanso kotsika mtengo. Iyenera kuphatikizidwa mu kafukufuku wamankhwala wanthawi zonse wa okalamba."
Olembawo akufotokoza kuti AD, mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a dementia, umadziwika ndi kusokonekera kwa chidziwitso ndi khalidwe. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a AD zikuphatikizapo kusonkhana kosazolowereka kwa amyloid β (Aβ) yochokera kunja kwa thupi, kusonkhana kosazolowereka kwa mitsempha ya neurofibrillary tau tangles, ndi kuwonongeka kwa synapse. Komabe, gululo linapitiriza kuti, "kayendetsedwe ka matenda a AD sikumveka bwino."
Matenda a Alzheimer's amatha kubisika mpaka atachedwa kwambiri kuti alandire chithandizo. "Ndi matenda osatha komanso obisika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kukula ndikukhalapo kwa zaka zambiri asanayambe kuoneka kuti ali ndi vuto la kuzindikira," akutero olembawo. "Magawo oyamba a matendawa amapezeka asanafike gawo la matenda a dementia osasinthika, omwe ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira ndi kuchiza. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa matenda a Alzheimer's koyambirira kwa okalamba ndikofunikira."
Ngakhale mapulogalamu oyezera matenda ambiri amathandiza kuzindikira matendawa pachiyambi, njira zamakono zoyezera matenda ndi zovuta kwambiri komanso zodula kwambiri poyezera matenda nthawi zonse. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CET) imatha kuzindikira ma Aβ deposits oyambirira, koma ndi okwera mtengo ndipo imaika odwala pachiwopsezo cha radiation, pomwe mayeso a biomarker omwe amathandiza kuzindikira matenda a Alzheimer's amafunika kutengedwa magazi kapena kubowoledwa m'chiuno kuti apeze madzi a m'mitsempha, zomwe zingakhale zonyansa kwa odwala.
Ofufuzawo apeza kuti kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wasonyeza kuti n'zotheka kufufuza odwala ngati ali ndi zizindikiro za AD mkodzo. Kusanthula mkodzo sikovulaza ndipo n'kosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kufufuza anthu ambiri. Koma ngakhale asayansi adazindikira kale zizindikiro za AD mkodzo, palibe chomwe chili choyenera kuzindikira magawo oyambirira a matendawa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira yabwino yothandizira odwala msanga sikunapezeke.
Wang ndi anzake adaphunzira kale za formaldehyde ngati chizindikiro cha mkodzo cha matenda a Alzheimer's. "M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kagayidwe kabwino ka formaldehyde kamadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamadziwe bwino za ukalamba," akutero. "Kafukufuku wathu wakale adafotokoza za ubale pakati pa kuchuluka kwa formaldehyde mkodzo ndi ntchito ya ubongo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti formaldehyde mkodzo ndi chizindikiro chomwe chingathandize kuzindikira matenda a AD msanga."
Komabe, pali mwayi woti pakhale kusintha pakugwiritsa ntchito formaldehyde ngati chizindikiro cha matenda kuti matenda adziwike msanga. Mu kafukufuku wawo wofalitsidwa posachedwapa, gululi linayang'ana kwambiri pa formate, metabolite ya formaldehyde, kuti lione ngati ikugwira ntchito bwino ngati chizindikiro cha matenda.
Gulu lofufuzali linali ndi anthu 574, kuphatikizapo odwala matenda a Alzheimer omwe ali ndi vuto losiyanasiyana, komanso omwe anali ndi thanzi labwino. Ofufuzawo adafufuza zitsanzo za mkodzo ndi magazi kuchokera kwa ophunzirawo kuti aone kusiyana kwa zizindikiro za mkodzo ndipo adachita kafukufuku wamaganizo. Ophunzirawo adagawidwa m'magulu asanu kutengera matenda awo: cognitively normal (NC) anthu 71, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) 101, no mild cognitive impairment (CINM), cognitive impairment 131, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) anthu 158, ndi 113 omwe ali ndi BA.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa asidi a mkodzo kunali kokwera kwambiri m'magulu onse a matenda a Alzheimer's ndipo kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa chidziwitso poyerekeza ndi magulu athanzi, kuphatikiza gulu loyambirira la kuchepa kwa chidziwitso. Izi zikusonyeza kuti asidi wa formic akhoza kukhala chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha gawo loyambirira la AD. "Mu kafukufukuyu, tikunena koyamba kuti kuchuluka kwa asidi wa formic mkodzo kumasintha ndi kuchepa kwa chidziwitso," adatero. "Asidi wa formic mkodzo wawonetsa luso lapadera pozindikira AD. Kuphatikiza apo, asidi wa formic mkodzo adawonjezeka kwambiri m'gulu lozindikira matenda a SCD, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti asidi wa formic mkodzo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira matenda a AD msanga."
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pamene ofufuzawo anafufuza kuchuluka kwa ma formate a mkodzo pamodzi ndi zizindikiro za Alzheimer's m'magazi, anapeza kuti angathe kulosera molondola gawo la matendawa mwa odwala. Komabe, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti amvetsetse mgwirizano pakati pa matenda a Alzheimer's ndi formic acid.
Komabe, olembawo adamaliza kuti: "Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo ndi formaldehyde sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kusiyanitsa AD ndi NC, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwa zizindikiro za plasma za gawo la matenda a AD. Zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke kuti munthu adziwe matenda".