Formate imawoneka ngati maziko a bioeconomy yopanda mpweya, yopangidwa kuchokera ku CO2 pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi (electro) ndikusinthidwa kukhala zinthu zowonjezera phindu pogwiritsa ntchito ma enzyme cascade kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapangidwa. Gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukulitsa kuyamwa kwa formate yopangidwa ndi thermodynamically ndikuchepetsa kwake formaldehyde, komwe kumawoneka ngati kusintha kwa mtundu wachikasu. Chithunzi: Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology Max Planck/Geisel.
Asayansi ku Max Planck Institute apanga njira yopangira kagayidwe kachakudya yomwe imasintha carbon dioxide kukhala formaldehyde pogwiritsa ntchito formic acid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zamtengo wapatali zisawonongeke.
Njira zatsopano zopangira carbon dioxide sizimangothandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide mumlengalenga, komanso zitha kusintha kupanga mankhwala achikhalidwe a mankhwala ndi zosakaniza zogwira ntchito ndi njira zamoyo zopanda carbon. Kafukufuku watsopano akuwonetsa njira yomwe formic acid ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha carbon dioxide kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kumakampani opanga zinthu zamoyo.
Popeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa womwe umatulutsa mpweya woipa m'mlengalenga kukuchulukirachulukira, kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya woipa kapena kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya woipa kuchokera ku zinthu zazikulu zotulutsa mpweya ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, kutengedwa kwa mpweya woipa m'mlengalenga kwakhala kukuchitika kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, koma mphamvu yake sikokwanira kubweza mpweya woipa womwe umachokera ku chilengedwe.
Ofufuza otsogozedwa ndi Tobias Erb wa Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology. Max Planck amagwiritsa ntchito zida zachilengedwe kuti apange njira zatsopano zokonzera carbon dioxide. Tsopano apambana kupanga njira yopangira kagayidwe kachakudya yomwe imapanga formaldehyde yogwira ntchito kwambiri kuchokera ku formic acid, yomwe ingakhale pakati pa photosynthesis yopangira. Formaldehyde imatha kulowa mwachindunji m'njira zingapo za kagayidwe kachakudya kuti ipange zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali popanda zotsatirapo za poizoni. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira yachilengedwe, zosakaniza ziwiri zazikulu zimafunika: mphamvu ndi carbon. Choyamba chingaperekedwe osati ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kokha, komanso ndi magetsi - mwachitsanzo, ma module a dzuwa.
Mu unyolo wamtengo wapatali, magwero a kaboni ndi osinthasintha. Carbon dioxide si njira yokhayo pano, tikulankhula za mankhwala onse a kaboni (magawo omanga a C1): carbon monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol ndi methane. Komabe, pafupifupi zinthu zonsezi ndi zoopsa kwambiri, kwa zamoyo (carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methanol) komanso padziko lapansi (methane ngati mpweya wowonjezera kutentha). Ndi pambuyo poti formic acid yasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ake oyambira pomwe tizilombo tambiri timalekerera kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu.
“Formic acid ndi gwero lodalirika kwambiri la kaboni,” akugogomezera Maren Nattermann, wolemba woyamba wa kafukufukuyu. “Koma kusintha kukhala formaldehyde mu vitro kumafuna mphamvu zambiri.” Izi zili choncho chifukwa formate, mchere wa formate, sungasinthidwe mosavuta kukhala formaldehyde. “Pali chotchinga chachikulu cha mankhwala pakati pa mamolekyu awiriwa, ndipo tisanayambe kuchitapo kanthu kwenikweni, tiyenera kuchigonjetsa mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya biochemical - ATP.”
Cholinga cha ofufuza chinali kupeza njira yotsika mtengo. Kupatula apo, mphamvu zochepa zomwe zimafunika kuti mpweya ulowe mu kagayidwe kachakudya, mphamvu zambiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbikitsa kukula kapena kupanga. Koma palibe njira yotereyi m'chilengedwe. "Kupeza ma enzyme otchedwa hybrid omwe ali ndi ntchito zambiri kunafuna luso," akutero Tobias Erb. "Komabe, kupeza ma enzymes oyenera ndi chiyambi chabe. Tikulankhula za zochita zomwe zingawerengedwe pamodzi chifukwa zimakhala pang'onopang'ono kwambiri—nthawi zina, pali zochita zochepa kuposa chimodzi pa sekondi iliyonse pa enzyme iliyonse. Zochita zachilengedwe zimatha kuchitika pa liwiro lomwe ndi lofulumira kwambiri nthawi chikwi." Apa ndi pomwe biochemistry yopangidwa imabwera, akutero Maren Nattermann: "Ngati mukudziwa kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe ka enzyme, mukudziwa komwe mungalowerere. Zakhala zothandiza kwambiri."
Kukonza bwino ma enzyme kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo: kusinthana kwapadera kwa mabuloko omangira, kupanga kusintha kwachisawawa, ndi kusankha mphamvu. "Zonse ziwiri za formate ndi formaldehyde ndizoyenera kwambiri chifukwa zimatha kulowa m'makoma a maselo. Tikhoza kuwonjezera formate ku selo yopangira zinthu, yomwe imapanga enzyme yomwe imasintha formaldehyde kukhala utoto wachikasu wopanda poizoni patatha maola angapo," adatero Maren. Nattermann anafotokoza.
Zotsatira zake m'nthawi yochepa chonchi sizikanatheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono. Kuti achite izi, ofufuzawa adagwirizana ndi mnzake wa mafakitale Festo ku Esslingen, Germany. "Pambuyo pa mitundu pafupifupi 4,000, tinachulukitsa zokolola zathu kuwirikiza kanayi," akutero Maren Nattermann. "Choncho, tapanga maziko a kukula kwa microorganism yachitsanzo E. coli, kavalo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda wa biotechnology, pa formic acid. Komabe, pakadali pano, maselo athu amatha kupanga formaldehyde yokha ndipo sangapitirize kusintha."
Mogwirizana ndi mnzake Sebastian Wink wochokera ku Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology, ofufuza a Max Planck pakadali pano akupanga mtundu womwe ungatenge zinthu zapakati ndikuzilowetsa mu kagayidwe kachakudya kapakati. Nthawi yomweyo, gululi likuchita kafukufuku pa kusintha kwa kaboni dioxide kukhala formic acid ndi gulu logwira ntchito ku Institute of Chemical Energy Conversion. Max Planck motsogozedwa ndi Walter Leitner. Cholinga cha nthawi yayitali ndi "pulatifomu yofanana" kuchokera ku kaboni dioxide yopangidwa ndi njira zamagetsi kupita ku zinthu monga insulin kapena biodiesel.
Buku lothandizira: Maren Nattermann, Sebastian Wenk, Pascal Pfister, Hai He, Seung Hwang Lee, Witold Szymanski, Nils Guntermann, Faiying Zhu “Kupanga njira yatsopano yosinthira phosphate-dependent formate kukhala formaldehyde mu vitro ndi mu vivo”, Lennart Nickel. , Charlotte Wallner, Jan Zarzycki, Nicole Pachia, Nina Gaisert, Giancarlo Francio, Walter Leitner, Ramon Gonzalez, ndi Tobias J. Erb, Meyi 9, 2023, Nature Communications.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38072-w
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